This week’s talk is an exhortation by Brother Sam Snelling titled “Known by God, Redeemed by Christ and Examined by the Word”, given at the Brighton Ecclesia in Australia, on June 21st, 2026.

We hope this strengthens your Faith and brightens your day!

Thank you for listening, God bless, and talk to you next week.

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Welcome to good Christophian
talks.

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Thank you for.
Joining us this week on this

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podcast, we select one talk a
week to help us get the Bible in

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our Daily News feed.
Each week we post a talk that we

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previewed from suggestions sent
in by listeners from around the

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world.
Then we record a short intro

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beforehand as a personalized
recommendation to you on why we

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are sharing the talk.
And now let’s talk more about

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this week’s talk.
Hello, it’s Levi.

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I’m really excited to share
Brother Sam Stelling’s

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exhortation Known by God,
redeemed by Christ, and examined

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by the Word.
Brother Sam presented this on

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June 21st of this year and that
date’s kind of important because

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he does actually refer to all
three of the daily readings in

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his exhortation, Ruth, Isaiah
and Revelation.

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And I really enjoyed that.
I maybe it’s just, you know,

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being old fashioned, but I do
enjoy when all of the by

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readings are included.
This was a really excellent

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exhortation.
Brother Sam is a doctor and he

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has lots of kind of doctor’s
notes in the exhort as well as

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just a lot of really great one
liners.

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It’s a very well written exhort.
He talks about how the God who

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examines is also the God who
saves.

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He talks about how we are known
and used by God whether or not

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we want to comply, like Cyrus in
Isaiah.

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So really great excitation.
Again, very memorable.

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Really excited to to share it.
I wanted to thank all of our Co

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hosts through the summer,
brother Bryan Adams, Gideon

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Ryan, Reuben Norton, Adam Stark,
Levi McKinley and St.

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Neal.
It was so it’s it’s always a

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treat to kind of lay down the
responsibility of finding a talk

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and and pass it on.
I mean, I don’t know.

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It’s so much easier now that we
have I only go every six weeks

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than I used to go every two
weeks.

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But still very thankful to the
to the brothers who who helped

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us out through the summer.
So thank you to them.

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So here is known by God,
redeemed by Christ, examined by

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the Word, by Brother Sam
Snelling.

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Good morning my dear brothers
and sisters, It’s lovely to be

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back with you.
Have you ever experienced that

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strange moment when someone
knows your name and you have

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absolutely no idea who they are?
Perhaps you’ve been walking

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through a shopping centre
perhaps, and someone smiles

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warmly and says in my case it
will be.

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Hello Sam.
And immediately your mind starts

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racing.
How do they know me?

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Where have I met them?
Is that someone I know from

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school?
Is that someone I know from the

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inclusion environment?
Is that is that a patient I

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treated once?
Or is that someone from the

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hospital environment?
I can’t place them.

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And while you’re desperately
trying to remember, they’re

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continuing the conversation with
you very nicely, as though

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you’ve been known to each other
for years.

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There’s something remarkable
about being known.

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Not simply recognised, not
simply seen, but known.

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Because being known means that
someone has paid attention to

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you.
They have remembered.

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They have taken notice.
In this example, perhaps you’ve

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not taken notice of them.
But the point remains that being

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known means that someone has
paid attention.

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And the remarkable truth which
is running through all of our

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daily readings today is that God
knows people.

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Not generally, not collectively,
personally.

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Isaiah 45 in our reading today
opens with God calling Cyrus by

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name over a century before his
birth.

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Ruth, chapters 3 and 4, they
give us a story where God is

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quietly guiding the life of a
widowed foreigner who probably

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felt entirely insignificant.
And our readings in Revelation

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open with the Lord Jesus Christ
walking amongst the lampstands,

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saying repeatedly, I know, I
know thy works, I know thy

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tribulation, I know where thou
dwellest, I know.

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And perhaps there’s no greater
comfort and no greater challenge

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then that simple truth.
God knows, and it’s interesting

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for us to think about that that
God knows before we do.

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And so with that, in the back of
our minds, when we consider

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Isaiah 45, we can conclude that
this is one of the most

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astonishing chapters in the
whole of Scripture.

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Imagine when you’re reading
Isaiah 45.

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You’re a a Jewish captive in
Babylon.

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Jerusalem lies in ruins, the
temple’s been destroyed, the

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throne of David is empty, and
everything which God has

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promised seems impossible.
Then the words which Isaiah

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records spoken by Yahweh about
150 years before the events

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occur, says in verse one of
Isaiah 45.

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Thus saith the Lord to his
anointed, to Cyrus, whose right

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hand I have Holden to subdue
nations before him.

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Imagine hearing that not merely
that a deliverer will come, but

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that God already knew His name.
It’s too.

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I will go before thee, he says,
and make the crooked places

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straight.
I’ll break in pieces the gates

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of brass, and cut in sunder are
the bars of iron.

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And I’ll give thee the treasures
of darkness, and hidden riches,

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and secret places, that thou
mayest know that I the Lord will

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call thee by thy name, and the
God of Israel for Jacob my

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servant’s sake, and Israel mine
elect.

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I have even called thee by thy
name.

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I have surnamed thee, though
thou hast not known me.

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I am Yahweh, and there is none
else.

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There is no God beside me.
I girded thee, though thou hast

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not known me.
And that word elect in verse 4

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is chosen or selected in Hebrew.
And the word for called in verse

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4 is the Hebrew word Cara, which
means to address by name.

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I have called thee.
It means more than simply

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identifying someone.
It carries the sense of

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appointing them, summoning,
summoning them, assigning them a

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purpose.
God is effectively saying,

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Cyrus, before you exist, I know
who you are, and I know why

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you’re here.
Oh, Cyrus certainly didn’t know

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that.
He had no idea.

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He believed he was building an
empire, conquering nations,

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expanding influence.
Yet Heaven saw something

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entirely different, as it says
in four and five, though thou

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hast not known me.
And one of the most striking

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aspects of Isaiah 45 is that in
the contrast there between God

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and his knowledge of Cyrus, on
the other hand, is Cyrus’s

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ignorance of God.
I girded thee, though thou hast

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not known me.
And the Hebrew word for known

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yadah often implies more than
simple awareness.

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It speaks of relationship.
It speaks of recognition, of

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personal knowledge.
Cyrus was known by God long

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before he knew anything of
Yahweh.

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In fact, God had named him,
raised him up, directed his path

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way more than a century before
his birth.

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And it’s a powerful reminder to
us, isn’t it, that God is often

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at work in human lives long
before we recognise his hand.

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Looking back in our lives, many
of us can see moments where God

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was quietly shaking, shaping
circumstance, opening doors,

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guiding events, before we fully
understood his purpose.

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The phrase I girded thee is
equally significant.

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The Hebrew word there conveys
the idea of equipping or

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strengthening or fastening on a
warrior’s belt before battle.

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Cyrus to the world appeared as a
self-made conqueror, but Yahweh

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declares him that he is the
provider of every victory.

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He gave him the opportunity.
He gave him the ability to do

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what he did, and the lesson is a
humbling one for us.

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Human achievements can often
foster self-reliance.

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Yet God reminds us, He reminds
Cyrus, that all strength and

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opportunity originate with him.
The victories of nations and the

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experiences of individuals alike
alike are under God’s control.

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There’s also a sobering contrast
in the life of Cyrus.

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He was chosen by God.
He was empowered by God.

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He was used mightily in God’s
purpose.

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Yet there’s little evidence that
he ever truly came to know the

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God who is directing his life.
There’s a stark reality,

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brothers and sisters, that it’s
possible to experience God’s

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Providence without fully
responding to his calling.

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Cyrus was an instrument in God’s
hand, but we as believers, we’re

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called to something greater than
usefulness alone.

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We’re invited into a
relationship with our God, our

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heavenly Father.
The challenge of the verse is

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therefore personal.
It’s not simply whether God’s

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been working in our lives, but
whether we’ve come to truly know

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the God who has been working in
our lives all along.

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God can still use us whether we
choose to respond or not.

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So in summary, the remarkable
thing is that Cyrus is moving

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according to a purpose he cannot
see.

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And brothers and sisters, it’s
true, Isn’t ourselves most in

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our lives?
Most of us would love a road

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map.
We would love God to tell us

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what’s going to happen next
week, next month, next year, the

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next decade.
Where will we be?

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What difficulties might arise?
What opportunities might arrive

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in our lives?
Who will we meet?

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What relationships will develop?
What will happen with our

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children?
Will we have children?

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What will happen as they grow
up?

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Their careers, our careers, life
events?

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What Providence’s are unfolding?
We would love to know all of

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that, but instead God gives us
just enough, just enough light

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for the next step, not the whole
journey.

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And that’s where faith lives.
Faith lives in taking that next

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step.
And Isaiah 45 then goes on to

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establish this almighty divine
creator and it’s narrative.

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And then we’re introduced in
verse 15.

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Come there with me.
One of the most profound

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observations in Scripture.
Verily, thou art a God that

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hidest thyself, oh God of
Israel, the Saviour.

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And that word hidest is the
Hebrew Hebrew word sotha, which

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means to conceal or to hide.
A God who conceals himself, a

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God who works behind the
curtain, a God whose

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fingerprints are everywhere but
whose hand is rarely seen

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directly.
As a doctor, one of the things

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which constantly amazes me is
how much happens inside of each

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and every one of our bodies
right now, completely unseen.

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It’s interesting because we
often spend a lot of time in our

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lives developing the things we
can control.

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We practice a sport, we learn an
instrument, we improve our

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fitness, we refine a skill at
work, and perhaps after years of

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effort, we become quite
accomplished at those things.

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It’s easy to feel that successes
come from our own determination

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and ability.
Yet all the while, for each and

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every one of us, there is
something far more remarkable

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going on in the background right
now.

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All of you sitting here, me
standing here.

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We’re not consciously telling
our heart to beat.

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We’re not consciously telling
our lungs to breathe or our

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digestive system to work.
We’ve got what is known as the

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autonomic nervous system, which
carries out its work quietly in

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the background.
Autonomic just means that the

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bodily functions are going on
spontaneously, without our

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conscious control.
Moment by moment, whether we

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think about them or not, we
hardly notice it.

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Day in, day out, it continues
keeping you alive.

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We simply assume it will be
there tomorrow as it was today.

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Perhaps you’ve never even
thought about it.

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But if that hidden system were
to fail, suddenly all those

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skills we spent years perfecting
become irrelevant.

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The table tennis bat gets put
down.

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00:13:58,720 –> 00:14:01,920
The instrument falls silent.
The gym routine stops.

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The office desk becomes empty.
Everything we proudly control

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depends entirely on something we
don’t control at all.

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And there’s a spiritual lesson
in us, in this, for us.

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Because God so often works in
ways that are hidden from view,

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we can become so absorbed in the
physical parts of life, on the

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00:14:25,120 –> 00:14:28,560
visible parts of life, the plans
we make, the achievements we

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00:14:28,560 –> 00:14:32,400
pursue, the problems we solve.
Yet behind it all is that

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00:14:32,400 –> 00:14:38,120
sustaining hand of God.
As Paul tells the Athenians, in

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00:14:38,120 –> 00:14:40,720
him we live and move and have
our being.

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The autonomic nervous system is
a quiet reminder that the most

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00:14:46,760 –> 00:14:49,560
important things are not always
the most visible.

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00:14:50,320 –> 00:14:55,240
Just as our bodies depend every
second on processes we can’t, or

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00:14:55,240 –> 00:15:01,480
we rarely notice, our lives
depend every day on a God who

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remains unseen.
And that’s not a discouraging

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00:15:05,240 –> 00:15:06,560
thought.
It’s a comforting 1.

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The God who sustains us is at
work even when we’re not

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00:15:11,520 –> 00:15:14,280
thinking about him.
We like to think we’re thinking

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00:15:14,280 –> 00:15:15,720
about God all the time, but
we’re not.

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00:15:17,560 –> 00:15:22,040
His care for us is far more
constant than our awareness of

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00:15:22,040 –> 00:15:26,000
it.
So we can be encouraged that

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00:15:26,000 –> 00:15:29,240
what is invisible is often far
more important than that which

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00:15:29,240 –> 00:15:33,760
is visible.
And Providence often works out

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00:15:34,520 –> 00:15:38,200
in exactly the same way.
We usually only see the symptoms

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00:15:38,200 –> 00:15:42,640
of Providence.
God sees and develops the entire

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00:15:42,640 –> 00:15:46,360
processes and the underlying
’cause we see the immediate

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00:15:46,360 –> 00:15:48,800
problem, God sees the final
outcome.

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00:15:49,800 –> 00:15:52,400
We see chapter 1 and God sees
chapter 40.

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00:15:54,840 –> 00:15:57,000
And nowhere is that more
beautifully illustrated than our

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00:15:57,000 –> 00:15:59,840
readings and Ruth.
Come back to Ruth chapter 1.

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00:15:59,840 –> 00:16:03,200
So yesterday’s readings, Ruth
chapter 1 and 2, Today’s

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00:16:03,200 –> 00:16:06,480
readings, Ruth chapter 3 and 4.
But let’s just get to the start

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00:16:06,480 –> 00:16:22,360
of the story and Ruth.
Naomi could not see chapter 40.

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00:16:22,520 –> 00:16:25,600
She could barely survive chapter
1.

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00:16:27,480 –> 00:16:29,400
Let’s just remind ourselves what
happens because it says in

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00:16:29,400 –> 00:16:31,520
chapter 1, verse one.
Now it came to pass in the days

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00:16:31,520 –> 00:16:34,160
when the judges ruled that there
was a famine in the land and a

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00:16:34,160 –> 00:16:36,960
certain man of Bethlehem, Judah
went to dwell in the country of

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00:16:36,960 –> 00:16:38,960
Moab, he and his wife and his
two sons.

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00:16:39,120 –> 00:16:40,440
The name of that man was
Elimelech.

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00:16:40,440 –> 00:16:43,000
In the name of his wife was
Naomi, and the names of his two

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00:16:43,000 –> 00:16:46,400
sons were Malhan and Chilion,
Ephrathites of Bethlehem, Judah.

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00:16:47,280 –> 00:16:49,440
And they went to the country of
Moab and remained there.

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00:16:49,920 –> 00:16:54,400
Then Elimelech Naomi’s husband
died, and she was left, and her

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00:16:54,400 –> 00:16:56,720
two sons.
Now they took wives of the women

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00:16:56,720 –> 00:16:58,880
of Moab.
The name of 1 was Orpa, and the

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00:16:58,880 –> 00:17:02,200
name of the other Ruth, and they
dwelt there about 10 years.

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00:17:02,800 –> 00:17:05,880
Then the brother, then both
Mahon and Chilian also died.

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00:17:06,240 –> 00:17:09,480
So the women survived her two
sons and her husband.

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00:17:11,720 –> 00:17:17,680
So her husband dies, her sons
die, her security disappears,

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00:17:17,680 –> 00:17:22,240
her future seems hopeless.
And eventually we read in, in

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00:17:22,240 –> 00:17:25,760
verse 20, she’s come back to
Bethlehem saying call me Mara,

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00:17:25,760 –> 00:17:29,640
call me bitter.
Imagine the emotional burden

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00:17:29,720 –> 00:17:31,960
she’s faced to get to that
moment of declaration.

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00:17:33,280 –> 00:17:38,520
Imagine the questions, the
prayers at night which seem

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00:17:38,520 –> 00:17:41,680
unanswered, the Knights
wondering why?

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00:17:41,680 –> 00:17:47,240
Why is this happening to me?
Lord help me.

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00:17:49,440 –> 00:17:52,360
And many of you here will have
known similar moments.

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00:17:53,120 –> 00:17:56,520
The loss of health, the loss of
a loved one, the loss of

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00:17:56,520 –> 00:18:00,080
certainty.
And perhaps like Naomi, we’ve,

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00:18:00,280 –> 00:18:03,600
we’ve wondered where was God?
Where are you?

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00:18:05,640 –> 00:18:08,480
Perhaps we’ve we’ve felt bitter.
Perhaps we’ve called ourselves

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00:18:08,480 –> 00:18:12,560
bitter.
Yet the extraordinary thing here

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00:18:12,560 –> 00:18:15,720
about the story of Ruth is that
while Naomi is feeling

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00:18:15,720 –> 00:18:20,880
abandoned, the God behind the
curtain is orchestrating

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00:18:20,880 –> 00:18:24,840
redemption.
Every event is moving towards a

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00:18:24,840 –> 00:18:28,800
purpose that she cannot see yet.
And that’s the Providence we

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00:18:28,800 –> 00:18:33,000
often miss and come to chapter
2, one of those beautiful

278
00:18:33,000 –> 00:18:39,840
phrases there and verse 3, she
happened, Ruth happened to come

279
00:18:39,840 –> 00:18:45,000
to the field of Boaz or Hap, you
know, in the King James humanly

280
00:18:45,000 –> 00:18:50,440
speaking, coincidence,
biblically speaking, Providence.

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00:18:52,520 –> 00:18:55,040
Now I remember speaking to a
brother many years ago who’s

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00:18:55,040 –> 00:18:59,320
reflecting on his baptism.
He told me about a seemingly

283
00:18:59,880 –> 00:19:03,520
ordinary day in his life when he
missed a train and he was

284
00:19:03,520 –> 00:19:06,080
frustrated.
He was waiting on the platform,

285
00:19:06,080 –> 00:19:08,600
sitting down sometimes, looking
at the screen, trying to work

286
00:19:08,600 –> 00:19:10,640
out what he was going to do.
This isn’t the days before

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00:19:10,880 –> 00:19:13,360
everyone had a mobile phone,
unaware what to do.

288
00:19:15,160 –> 00:19:18,760
Unaware that what felt like an
inconvenience at the time would

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00:19:18,760 –> 00:19:20,320
become a turning point in his
life.

290
00:19:21,440 –> 00:19:23,800
Because while he waited, he
struck up a conversation with a

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00:19:23,800 –> 00:19:27,680
sister lasted about 10:15
minutes.

292
00:19:27,680 –> 00:19:29,560
Nothing dramatic happened.
There was no miracle.

293
00:19:29,560 –> 00:19:32,800
There was no sudden train which
appeared, no vision, no voice

294
00:19:32,800 –> 00:19:35,240
from heaven.
Just a simple conversation

295
00:19:36,040 –> 00:19:39,400
between two people.
Yet that brief encounter led to

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00:19:39,400 –> 00:19:42,840
an invitation to a Bible class.
And Bible classes led to a

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00:19:42,840 –> 00:19:44,320
growing understanding of the
truth.

298
00:19:45,400 –> 00:19:46,960
That understanding led to
baptism.

299
00:19:46,960 –> 00:19:51,000
And a baptism led to embarking
on a lifetime of service to God.

300
00:19:52,200 –> 00:19:54,800
And many years later he was
looking back over the path his

301
00:19:54,800 –> 00:19:57,640
life had taken.
And he said at that time I

302
00:19:57,640 –> 00:19:59,440
thought I’d missed my train that
day.

303
00:20:00,000 –> 00:20:03,640
But then he smiled and added it
turned out that God had a

304
00:20:03,640 –> 00:20:05,240
different journey planned for
me.

305
00:20:06,720 –> 00:20:09,800
What appeared to be a missed
connection was in reality a

306
00:20:09,800 –> 00:20:13,520
divine appointment.
What seemed like a chance hap

307
00:20:14,360 –> 00:20:18,160
was Providence.
Looking back, he could see that

308
00:20:18,160 –> 00:20:21,600
God had been quietly directing
events long before he recognised

309
00:20:21,600 –> 00:20:24,080
his hand.
And that is the story of Ruth,

310
00:20:24,080 –> 00:20:28,320
brothers and sisters.
Ordinary decisions, ordinary

311
00:20:28,320 –> 00:20:34,320
encounters, ordinary days, yet
behind them all is the unseen

312
00:20:34,320 –> 00:20:36,880
hand of God, guiding events
towards his purpose.

313
00:20:36,880 –> 00:20:41,760
And perhaps that’s true for us
in many ways.

314
00:20:41,760 –> 00:20:44,040
We often ask, why is this
happening to me?

315
00:20:45,160 –> 00:20:47,760
Yet years later, we look back
and realise the better question

316
00:20:47,760 –> 00:20:53,600
was what was God doing for me?
For while we saw coincidence or

317
00:20:53,680 –> 00:20:57,240
disappointment or delay, our
Father may have been gently

318
00:20:57,240 –> 00:21:00,800
leading us towards a destination
far greater than the one we had

319
00:21:00,800 –> 00:21:04,880
planned ourselves.
But as the story of Ruth

320
00:21:04,880 –> 00:21:07,400
unfolds, Ruth arrives at the
feet of Boaz.

321
00:21:07,400 –> 00:21:09,520
Varied.
The language is full of covenant

322
00:21:09,520 –> 00:21:13,480
significance when here in Ruth
chapter 2 verse 20, Naomi

323
00:21:13,480 –> 00:21:18,080
recognises that he’s a a close
relative with a right to redeem

324
00:21:18,080 –> 00:21:21,760
their their family inheritance.
He says the man is a near kin

325
00:21:21,760 –> 00:21:24,160
unto US, one of our next
kinsmen.

326
00:21:24,520 –> 00:21:27,880
He becomes what is known as the
goel in Hebrew, the kinsman

327
00:21:28,200 –> 00:21:32,600
Redeemer, the one who’s willing
and able to restore what has

328
00:21:32,600 –> 00:21:36,440
been lost.
And that word is beautiful.

329
00:21:36,440 –> 00:21:39,240
The Hebrew word is not really a
rescuer, not merely a

330
00:21:39,240 –> 00:21:42,400
benefactor.
He’s a family Redeemer.

331
00:21:44,440 –> 00:21:46,920
And the theme with the goel
develops through the book,

332
00:21:46,920 –> 00:21:50,320
particularly in in Ruth chapter
3 and verse 9 where Ruth asked

333
00:21:50,320 –> 00:21:54,400
Boaz to spread thy skirt.
And that that Hebrew word there

334
00:21:54,400 –> 00:21:59,320
for skirt in chapter 3 verse 9
is the Hebrew word kenaf or

335
00:21:59,320 –> 00:22:03,000
wing.
Spread it over her because He is

336
00:22:03,000 –> 00:22:07,080
the goel and that that connects
directly to Ruth 2, verse 12,

337
00:22:07,080 –> 00:22:10,360
where Boaz has commended Ruth
for seeking refuge under

338
00:22:10,360 –> 00:22:13,480
Yahweh’s wings, the the same
Hebrew word, Kanath.

339
00:22:15,440 –> 00:22:20,560
Ruth first sought shelter under
God’s wings, and then God

340
00:22:21,120 –> 00:22:24,840
provided refuge through Boaz,
his chosen Redeemer.

341
00:22:26,560 –> 00:22:29,680
And by Ruth chapter 4, Boaz
formally fulfills that role of

342
00:22:29,680 –> 00:22:32,520
the Goel, the Redeemer,
redeeming both the inheritance

343
00:22:32,760 –> 00:22:35,720
and Ruth herself.
And we know it in that way.

344
00:22:35,720 –> 00:22:39,480
He’s a powerful type of Christ
through whom God’s redeeming

345
00:22:39,480 –> 00:22:44,840
care is ultimately revealed.
Our minds are drawn to someone

346
00:22:44,840 –> 00:22:48,600
who enters into your problem,
although it was his own.

347
00:22:49,880 –> 00:22:53,520
Our minds are drawn to Christ
because that’s exactly what he

348
00:22:53,520 –> 00:22:56,720
did.
Hebrews we know very well, tells

349
00:22:56,720 –> 00:23:02,400
us He shared our nature.
For as much then as the children

350
00:23:02,400 –> 00:23:05,200
are partakers of flesh and
blood, He also Himself likewise

351
00:23:05,440 –> 00:23:07,920
took part of the same, that
through death He might destroy

352
00:23:07,920 –> 00:23:11,200
Him that had the power of death.
That is the devil.

353
00:23:13,960 –> 00:23:16,280
This 18 of that same chapter in
Hebrews Feridnad.

354
00:23:16,280 –> 00:23:19,720
He Himself hath suffered being
tempted, He is able to succor

355
00:23:19,720 –> 00:23:23,480
them that are tempted.
Christ experienced our

356
00:23:23,480 –> 00:23:27,280
weaknesses, He faced our
temptations, He bore our

357
00:23:27,280 –> 00:23:29,880
burdens.
He became our near kinsman so

358
00:23:29,880 –> 00:23:31,440
that he might become our
Redeemer.

359
00:23:33,640 –> 00:23:37,720
And with the background concept
of being known, having a God who

360
00:23:37,720 –> 00:23:41,320
notices, who knows us.
There’s something else beautiful

361
00:23:41,320 –> 00:23:44,200
about Boaz because he notices
Ruth.

362
00:23:45,440 –> 00:23:50,240
Others saw a poor widow, a
foreigner, A Moabite S, someone

363
00:23:50,760 –> 00:23:57,840
gathering scraps.
But Boaz, he saw faith, he saw

364
00:23:57,880 –> 00:24:02,160
character, he saw integrity.
And brothers and sisters,

365
00:24:02,160 –> 00:24:04,720
Perhaps one of the greatest
needs in our age is to remember

366
00:24:04,720 –> 00:24:07,400
that God notices things the
world doesn’t.

367
00:24:08,200 –> 00:24:10,560
The world around us notices
beauty.

368
00:24:11,120 –> 00:24:16,320
It notices success, influence,
popularity, self proclamation.

369
00:24:17,920 –> 00:24:22,720
But our God notices
faithfulness, kindness,

370
00:24:23,600 –> 00:24:29,960
patience, quiet service,
integrity, the things that are

371
00:24:29,960 –> 00:24:33,280
often overlooked by everyone
else, the quiet attitude of

372
00:24:33,280 –> 00:24:36,360
service, dedication to our
ecclesia.

373
00:24:37,480 –> 00:24:39,800
Perhaps you’re raising a family
and you’re exhausted.

374
00:24:39,920 –> 00:24:43,560
You’ve struggled to get up today
because all night you’ve been

375
00:24:43,560 –> 00:24:46,080
awake with a child.
You’ve managed to get the kids

376
00:24:46,080 –> 00:24:48,640
ready to go to the ecclesia and
you just about make it.

377
00:24:49,160 –> 00:24:52,080
But perhaps you’ve had to run
out with the little one, most of

378
00:24:52,080 –> 00:24:56,240
the talk, or most of their
meeting, and you’ve just about

379
00:24:56,240 –> 00:24:59,120
made it.
And you’re there in the lobby,

380
00:24:59,440 –> 00:25:03,040
the classically cramped cry room
perhaps from most of our halls,

381
00:25:03,040 –> 00:25:06,800
and you’re trying your best.
And yet you feel like that.

382
00:25:06,800 –> 00:25:09,480
Times whizzed by in an absolute
blur.

383
00:25:10,040 –> 00:25:12,760
You’ve barely heard the talk,
you had little interaction, and

384
00:25:12,760 –> 00:25:17,920
then you’ve headed home.
You may understandably sometimes

385
00:25:17,920 –> 00:25:23,920
ask, was it even worth it?
Well, the simple answer is yes,

386
00:25:24,480 –> 00:25:27,040
because these moments are not
missed by God.

387
00:25:27,680 –> 00:25:29,840
Perhaps you’ve got older
children and the weight of

388
00:25:29,840 –> 00:25:33,080
concern for them leaves you
weary and anxious about what

389
00:25:33,080 –> 00:25:36,960
challenges are coming in your
life or going on right now.

390
00:25:37,240 –> 00:25:40,760
Perhaps you’re carrying health
worries, financial pressures,

391
00:25:41,760 –> 00:25:44,240
emotional burdens that seem
overwhelming.

392
00:25:44,920 –> 00:25:50,440
Maybe loneliness has settled in,
and coming along to the ecclesia

393
00:25:50,440 –> 00:25:55,640
itself feels difficult from a
place of isolation.

394
00:25:57,640 –> 00:26:00,560
You may be troubled by choices
being made around you.

395
00:26:01,520 –> 00:26:05,920
You feel disappointed,
conflicted, discouraged.

396
00:26:06,800 –> 00:26:10,800
And so the question arises,
should I stay home or should I

397
00:26:10,800 –> 00:26:15,040
go?
Yet it’s often those very days

398
00:26:15,040 –> 00:26:19,560
when attendance feels hardest
that we actually need the

399
00:26:19,560 –> 00:26:22,000
fellowship of God’s family the
most.

400
00:26:24,120 –> 00:26:27,520
The Father sees the struggle
that others cannot see.

401
00:26:27,960 –> 00:26:31,120
He knows the effort that it’s
taken for you to be present here

402
00:26:31,120 –> 00:26:34,960
today.
He knows you like Ruth, gleaning

403
00:26:34,960 –> 00:26:40,480
faithfully one day at a time.
God notices those quiet acts of

404
00:26:40,480 –> 00:26:47,040
service in your life.
He delights in those who

405
00:26:47,040 –> 00:26:50,440
continue to seek Him even when
the path is difficult.

406
00:26:51,240 –> 00:26:53,160
These actions are not missed by
God.

407
00:26:53,400 –> 00:26:57,000
He knows who we are and who we
serve.

408
00:26:59,240 –> 00:27:02,040
And as we live our lives in our
eccleses, we’re reminded in our

409
00:27:02,040 –> 00:27:05,120
readings in Revelation 1:00 and
2:00 today that Christ is

410
00:27:05,120 –> 00:27:08,160
walking among the lampstands.
Let’s come to our final reading

411
00:27:08,200 –> 00:27:15,080
today in Revelation chapter 1,
because here we’re reminded that

412
00:27:15,080 –> 00:27:18,840
those types of the ecclesias,
and they’re so relevant for us

413
00:27:18,840 –> 00:27:22,960
now in our lives, that in
Revelation chapter 1, John

414
00:27:23,040 –> 00:27:26,880
turns, we read, and he sees
Christ, not the suffering

415
00:27:26,880 –> 00:27:31,080
servant, not as the man hanging
on a cross, but this glorified,

416
00:27:31,080 –> 00:27:34,600
majestic, powerful Christ.
And where is He?

417
00:27:36,040 –> 00:27:38,280
He’s among the lampstands, among
the ecclesias.

418
00:27:38,280 –> 00:27:40,480
Let’s read from verses 12 and
13.

419
00:27:40,480 –> 00:27:44,320
And he says, I turned to see the
voice that spake with me, and

420
00:27:44,320 –> 00:27:47,920
being turned, I saw 7 golden
candlesticks, And in the midst

421
00:27:47,920 –> 00:27:50,640
of the seven candlesticks one
like unto the Son of Man,

422
00:27:50,880 –> 00:27:53,880
clothed with a garment down to
the foot, and girt about the

423
00:27:53,880 –> 00:27:59,200
paps with a golden girdle.
And that image should be deeply

424
00:27:59,200 –> 00:28:02,720
comforting to us.
Brothers and sisters, Christ is

425
00:28:02,720 –> 00:28:07,760
not distant, He’s not detached,
He’s not uninterested in what

426
00:28:07,760 –> 00:28:09,560
happens right here in your
ecclesia.

427
00:28:11,040 –> 00:28:15,080
He walks amongst his people.
And seven times I alluded to it

428
00:28:15,080 –> 00:28:20,880
before, but in chapters 2 and
three he says I know, I know, I

429
00:28:20,880 –> 00:28:29,680
know, I know, I know, I know, I
know. 7 times not I’ve heard or

430
00:28:29,680 –> 00:28:32,640
I suspect or I’ve been informed
or I’ve been told.

431
00:28:32,640 –> 00:28:38,880
He knows, and the Greek word for
no implies complete knowledge,

432
00:28:39,160 –> 00:28:41,920
perfect awareness.
Nothing is hidden from Him.

433
00:28:42,200 –> 00:28:44,280
Nothing is overlooked.
Nothing is forgotten.

434
00:28:44,640 –> 00:28:48,680
Which means that Christ knows.
Every struggle that never

435
00:28:48,680 –> 00:28:51,720
appears in a prayer request
because we’re too ashamed to say

436
00:28:51,720 –> 00:28:55,400
it.
Every anxiety that nobody talks

437
00:28:55,400 –> 00:28:59,280
about, every private battle
we’ve got going on in our life

438
00:28:59,280 –> 00:29:02,200
right now.
Every act of faithfulness that

439
00:29:02,200 –> 00:29:06,760
nobody ever notices or
acknowledges, every quiet

440
00:29:06,760 –> 00:29:11,080
kindness, every hidden sacrifice
that we make, He knows.

441
00:29:12,480 –> 00:29:15,840
And these lampstands are His
ecclesias.

442
00:29:16,520 –> 00:29:20,400
And wherever our corner of the
vineyard is, we need to make

443
00:29:20,400 –> 00:29:24,640
sure we are keeping our
lampstand burning, shining as

444
00:29:24,640 –> 00:29:30,160
lights in a World of Darkness.
And because He knows everything,

445
00:29:31,680 –> 00:29:35,160
we need to make sure we’re
allowing ourselves to use the

446
00:29:35,160 –> 00:29:40,760
mind of Christ to guide our
paths, to help us make decisions

447
00:29:40,760 –> 00:29:42,760
in our lives.
We need to examine ourselves

448
00:29:42,760 –> 00:29:45,720
with God’s Word.
And this is where conscience

449
00:29:45,720 –> 00:29:50,720
becomes so important because
conscience is the internal

450
00:29:50,720 –> 00:29:53,920
witness that reminds us that we
live before God.

451
00:29:55,200 –> 00:29:59,520
Conscience is like a compass.
A compass doesn’t decide or

452
00:29:59,520 –> 00:30:04,600
create where north is.
A compass simply points to

453
00:30:04,600 –> 00:30:09,520
north.
Similarly, conscience doesn’t

454
00:30:09,520 –> 00:30:14,280
create truth, it responds to the
truth that God has revealed,

455
00:30:16,120 –> 00:30:19,280
Paul writes in Romans 2.
For when the Gentiles, which do

456
00:30:19,280 –> 00:30:22,040
not have the law, do by nature
the things contained in the law,

457
00:30:22,320 –> 00:30:24,960
their conscience bears and
witness.

458
00:30:26,000 –> 00:30:30,240
So our conscience, conscience
bears US witness.

459
00:30:30,240 –> 00:30:34,120
It bears witness to us, it
testifies and it reminds us.

460
00:30:35,920 –> 00:30:40,760
But just like a physical
compass, it can be damaged, it

461
00:30:40,760 –> 00:30:44,600
can be misaligned.
Our conscience can become weak,

462
00:30:44,880 –> 00:30:48,080
ignored, or distorted.
Maybe there’s some magnetic

463
00:30:48,080 –> 00:30:50,600
field we’re influencing our
compass with, with our own

464
00:30:50,600 –> 00:30:55,360
ideologies.
That’s why we’ve must use and

465
00:30:55,360 –> 00:30:58,480
educate our conscience through
God’s Word.

466
00:30:58,520 –> 00:31:02,360
We need to make sure we’re
pointing to God’s truth, not our

467
00:31:02,360 –> 00:31:06,480
truth.
Once again, as a doctor, one of

468
00:31:06,480 –> 00:31:08,920
the most useful things in
medicine is an early warning

469
00:31:08,920 –> 00:31:12,240
sign, a sign that something’s
going wrong.

470
00:31:13,240 –> 00:31:16,920
Perhaps you’re coming in with
chest pain, or a fever, or loss

471
00:31:16,920 –> 00:31:19,240
of sensation or shortness of
breath.

472
00:31:19,680 –> 00:31:23,960
Symptoms to me are gifts.
The symptom to you may be

473
00:31:23,960 –> 00:31:28,400
unpleasant, but it alerts us to
something deeper going on,

474
00:31:28,840 –> 00:31:32,000
because the real danger is not
the pain, it’s not the symptom.

475
00:31:32,400 –> 00:31:35,520
The real danger is when the pain
or the symptom disappears

476
00:31:36,000 –> 00:31:39,840
because the warning system is
gone and the problem becomes

477
00:31:39,840 –> 00:31:43,080
much worse.
When there’s no warning signals,

478
00:31:43,200 –> 00:31:49,080
eventually disaster occurs.
Conscience works the same way.

479
00:31:50,360 –> 00:31:53,640
Conscience is one of God’s early
warning systems and when

480
00:31:53,720 –> 00:31:57,000
functioning properly alerts us
to what we should be doing

481
00:31:57,000 –> 00:31:59,480
before we drift too far from
God.

482
00:32:00,640 –> 00:32:04,720
Paul says in Acts herein do I
exercise myself to always have a

483
00:32:04,720 –> 00:32:08,600
conscience void of offence
towards God and towards men.

484
00:32:08,600 –> 00:32:13,200
Acts 24 verse 16 he says he
doesn’t hope for a good

485
00:32:13,200 –> 00:32:16,400
conscience.
He doesn’t just wait for it, he

486
00:32:16,560 –> 00:32:20,720
exercises himself.
It requires effort, it requires

487
00:32:20,720 –> 00:32:24,120
training, it requires practice
and deliberate choices in your

488
00:32:24,120 –> 00:32:27,240
life.
And the same is true for us.

489
00:32:28,520 –> 00:32:33,240
The discomfort we feel before a
sin is often a mercy.

490
00:32:34,880 –> 00:32:37,000
The danger is not hearing a
conscience.

491
00:32:37,000 –> 00:32:39,000
The danger is no longer hearing
it.

492
00:32:40,800 –> 00:32:42,920
If you notice when you hear a
loud noise, it grabs your

493
00:32:42,920 –> 00:32:46,440
attention, but after repeatedly
hearing it, you start to stop

494
00:32:46,960 –> 00:32:49,600
hearing it, stop noticing it,
you habituate to it.

495
00:32:50,320 –> 00:32:55,240
Conscience works similarly.
Maybe a first lie feels

496
00:32:55,240 –> 00:32:59,120
uncomfortable, the second is
easier, but eventually the

497
00:32:59,120 –> 00:33:02,760
discomfort fades and it no
longer bothers us because the

498
00:33:02,760 –> 00:33:06,200
conscience is distorted and
we’re warned about that.

499
00:33:06,680 –> 00:33:09,280
In First Timothy 4, verse 2,
Paul warned the people, saying

500
00:33:09,280 –> 00:33:12,320
they’re in the last days.
This Is Us brothers and sisters

501
00:33:12,800 –> 00:33:16,240
having their conscience seared
with a hot iron.

502
00:33:17,640 –> 00:33:20,640
What does that mean?
Well, essentially we have seared

503
00:33:22,080 –> 00:33:26,000
our skin, our nerves.
It becomes numb, numb and

504
00:33:26,000 –> 00:33:31,680
insensitive and able to respond.
So a seared conscience loses

505
00:33:31,920 –> 00:33:35,080
responsiveness.
The danger isn’t merely

506
00:33:35,080 –> 00:33:38,840
committing one wrong act.
The danger is becoming

507
00:33:38,840 –> 00:33:42,000
comfortable with it, and we no
longer even know it’s wrong.

508
00:33:43,720 –> 00:33:47,920
Medically speaking, when you see
yourself with an iron, losing

509
00:33:47,920 –> 00:33:50,240
sensation is one of the things
you see.

510
00:33:50,240 –> 00:33:52,080
We think of burns in the old
age.

511
00:33:52,080 –> 00:33:54,520
We used to talk about them as
first, second and third degree,

512
00:33:54,960 –> 00:33:56,680
maybe more.
Now partial thickness and

513
00:33:57,240 –> 00:34:01,200
superficial and full thickness.
A shallow burn may affect the

514
00:34:01,200 –> 00:34:06,640
sensation, it might cause
tingling, affect how we respond

515
00:34:06,640 –> 00:34:09,120
to our how our nerves respond to
stimulus.

516
00:34:09,960 –> 00:34:14,560
But if we leave the iron on
there for a long, long time, we

517
00:34:14,560 –> 00:34:18,000
result in a full thickness burn
and from that the nerves may

518
00:34:18,000 –> 00:34:22,639
never recover.
Following a burn, you get a

519
00:34:22,639 –> 00:34:27,159
scar.
We have to choose how we’re

520
00:34:27,159 –> 00:34:31,360
going to try and restore our
integrity of the scar.

521
00:34:31,360 –> 00:34:36,280
Maybe you’re going to need to
manipulate it, massage it, put

522
00:34:36,280 –> 00:34:39,159
special oils and creams on it.
If you have got a full thickness

523
00:34:39,159 –> 00:34:44,040
scar there.
Every time we ignore our

524
00:34:44,040 –> 00:34:47,080
conscience, we make it easier to
ignore the next time.

525
00:34:47,719 –> 00:34:51,480
And spiritual numbness is every
bit as dangerous as physical

526
00:34:51,480 –> 00:34:54,719
numbers.
The challenge today is we live

527
00:34:54,719 –> 00:34:57,760
in a world which aggressively
shapes our conscience.

528
00:34:58,240 –> 00:35:00,680
There’s a battle for our our
identity.

529
00:35:01,600 –> 00:35:04,040
Everyday voices compete for our
attention.

530
00:35:04,520 –> 00:35:09,000
Advertisements, politics, media,
social media, entertainment,

531
00:35:09,440 –> 00:35:12,520
algorithms.
They’re designed to influence

532
00:35:12,520 –> 00:35:14,600
how we think, particularly our
young people.

533
00:35:15,840 –> 00:35:21,000
The world constantly says follow
your heart, but Scripture says

534
00:35:21,000 –> 00:35:26,520
that let this mind be in you.
The world says express yourself,

535
00:35:27,360 –> 00:35:31,920
but Christ says deny yourself.
The world says become who you

536
00:35:31,920 –> 00:35:38,440
want to be, but God says become
who I am shaping you to be.

537
00:35:39,120 –> 00:35:42,360
And those are fundamentally
different ideologies, different

538
00:35:42,360 –> 00:35:45,960
ideas.
And every day we choose whose

539
00:35:45,960 –> 00:35:51,400
voice we’re going to follow.
Because small decisions build

540
00:35:51,400 –> 00:35:53,840
character.
And it’s important to remember

541
00:35:54,000 –> 00:35:57,680
that most spiritual failures
don’t begin with a dramatic

542
00:35:58,400 –> 00:36:02,560
rebellion.
They begin with tiny, tiny

543
00:36:02,880 –> 00:36:05,760
compromises.
A neglected prayer.

544
00:36:05,800 –> 00:36:12,360
Perhaps a missed reading, a
tolerated attitude, a private

545
00:36:12,520 –> 00:36:16,920
internal rationalisation, A
gradual decline in our physical

546
00:36:16,960 –> 00:36:22,600
ecclesial attendance.
And if we think of conscience,

547
00:36:22,600 –> 00:36:25,680
like the monitoring alarms in
perhaps the intensive care unit,

548
00:36:25,840 –> 00:36:29,360
initially every abnormality
triggers a reaction, an

549
00:36:29,360 –> 00:36:32,040
attention.
But if the alarms are constantly

550
00:36:32,040 –> 00:36:36,880
sounding and ignored, eventually
people stop responding to them.

551
00:36:38,160 –> 00:36:40,680
The alarm isn’t changing, but
the listener has.

552
00:36:41,720 –> 00:36:44,040
The same thing can happen happen
to us spiritually.

553
00:36:45,000 –> 00:36:46,880
The first compromise troubles
us.

554
00:36:47,360 –> 00:36:50,520
The second troubles us less.
Eventually we stop hearing that

555
00:36:50,520 –> 00:36:52,920
warning and we carry on
regardless.

556
00:36:53,400 –> 00:36:56,280
And sometimes, in our journey of
convincing ourselves, we create

557
00:36:56,280 –> 00:37:00,440
a whole new narrative, often
directly impacted by secular

558
00:37:00,440 –> 00:37:03,560
society, and we frame ourselves
to that metric.

559
00:37:04,320 –> 00:37:07,440
And we can be guilty of
forgetting that we are to be

560
00:37:07,440 –> 00:37:12,440
fitly framed to Christ as the
cornerstone, not with new

561
00:37:12,440 –> 00:37:18,200
adjusted moral relativity based
off our lived experience or our

562
00:37:18,320 –> 00:37:22,280
value system.
We are fitly framed to the

563
00:37:22,280 –> 00:37:27,080
cornerstone.
Which is why Scripture

564
00:37:27,080 –> 00:37:32,200
repeatedly says today, if you
will hear his voice today, not

565
00:37:32,200 –> 00:37:37,320
tomorrow, today hear his voice,
not ours, not yours.

566
00:37:39,080 –> 00:37:43,920
We have to frame ourself to Him,
not to any new age ideology.

567
00:37:45,320 –> 00:37:48,200
And that’s why I keep
referencing that Philippians

568
00:37:48,200 –> 00:37:52,360
verse, Philippians 2, verse 5.
Let this mind be in you, which

569
00:37:52,360 –> 00:37:56,920
was also in Christ Jesus,
because developing a conscience

570
00:37:56,920 –> 00:37:58,720
is about developing the mind of
Christ.

571
00:37:59,920 –> 00:38:01,920
And we think about Christ every
time he was tempted in the

572
00:38:01,920 –> 00:38:04,000
wilderness.
He didn’t rely on his feelings.

573
00:38:04,000 –> 00:38:05,960
He didn’t rely on lived
experience.

574
00:38:05,960 –> 00:38:09,520
He relied on Scripture.
Every temptations written,

575
00:38:09,600 –> 00:38:14,240
answered with it is written.
His thinking had been shaped

576
00:38:14,240 –> 00:38:18,320
entirely by God’s Word.
And that’s why daily reading of

577
00:38:18,320 –> 00:38:22,480
the Bible matters so much.
Not because we’re ticking a box,

578
00:38:23,280 –> 00:38:26,600
not because we’re trying to
impress God, but because our

579
00:38:26,600 –> 00:38:31,280
conscience cannot be stronger
than the truth we place into it.

580
00:38:32,600 –> 00:38:35,800
The more we let Scripture fill
our minds, the more accurately

581
00:38:35,800 –> 00:38:39,800
our conscience can guide us.
And the simplest reason we have

582
00:38:39,800 –> 00:38:44,680
a conscience is because our
faith, because of our faith.

583
00:38:45,320 –> 00:38:48,920
And we know from the Bible that
that faith comes by hearing, and

584
00:38:48,920 –> 00:38:53,880
hearing by the Word of God.
So for our final verse, come

585
00:38:53,880 –> 00:39:01,360
back with me to Isaiah 45
because it concludes with this

586
00:39:01,360 –> 00:39:11,250
remarkable Kingdom vision.
It says in the middle of verse

587
00:39:11,250 –> 00:39:16,770
21, There is no God else beside
me, a just God and a Saviour.

588
00:39:16,770 –> 00:39:21,610
There is none else beside me.
Look unto me and be ye saved all

589
00:39:21,610 –> 00:39:25,650
the ends of the earth, for I am
God, and there is none else I

590
00:39:25,650 –> 00:39:29,250
have sworn by myself.
The word is gone out of my mouth

591
00:39:29,250 –> 00:39:33,640
in righteousness, and shall not
return, that unto me shall every

592
00:39:33,640 –> 00:39:36,360
knee bow, every tongue shall
swear.

593
00:39:37,600 –> 00:39:40,120
And Paul applies those words
directly to Christ also.

594
00:39:40,240 –> 00:39:43,440
The same Christ who walks
amongst the lampstands today,

595
00:39:43,520 –> 00:39:48,200
the same Christ who knows our
works today, the same Christ who

596
00:39:48,200 –> 00:39:53,800
examines our conscience today,
will one day stand openly as

597
00:39:53,800 –> 00:39:59,400
king over all the earth.
And when that day comes, nobody

598
00:39:59,400 –> 00:40:01,200
will wonder who controls
history.

599
00:40:01,840 –> 00:40:04,080
Nobody will doubt God’s
Providence.

600
00:40:04,720 –> 00:40:06,800
Nobody will question His
purpose.

601
00:40:07,600 –> 00:40:10,760
Everything will be revealed.
Every hidden thread, every

602
00:40:10,760 –> 00:40:13,800
unseen Providence, every
faithful act, every answered

603
00:40:13,800 –> 00:40:16,000
prayer, every deliverance,
everything.

604
00:40:17,120 –> 00:40:20,760
And perhaps we can picture Naomi
herself will stand in the

605
00:40:20,760 –> 00:40:23,160
Kingdom and finally see what God
was doing all along.

606
00:40:25,720 –> 00:40:28,800
So today, as we come to our
memorial emblems this morning,

607
00:40:29,560 –> 00:40:34,800
let’s remember three things.
Like Cyrus, we are known by God

608
00:40:35,160 –> 00:40:37,360
before we fully understand his
purpose.

609
00:40:37,760 –> 00:40:41,960
Like Ruth, we’re redeemed by
grace through a greater Boaz.

610
00:40:42,600 –> 00:40:45,880
And like the ecclesias of
Revelation, we live before the

611
00:40:45,880 –> 00:40:50,480
eyes of the risen Christ.
And because he knows us, let us

612
00:40:50,480 –> 00:40:54,280
cultivate hearts and minds that
respond quickly when our

613
00:40:54,280 –> 00:40:58,040
conscience speaks.
Let us keep our spiritual senses

614
00:40:58,400 –> 00:41:02,440
sensitive, let us continue
shaping our minds through

615
00:41:02,440 –> 00:41:05,440
Scripture.
Let us remember that Christ

616
00:41:05,440 –> 00:41:08,000
walks among the lampstands
still.

617
00:41:08,760 –> 00:41:11,120
And let us take comfort in this
wonderful truth.

618
00:41:12,280 –> 00:41:16,640
The God who calls by name, the
God who guides through hidden

619
00:41:16,640 –> 00:41:22,720
Providence, the God who redeems,
the God who examines, is also

620
00:41:23,080 –> 00:41:28,040
the God who saves.
And one day every knee shall

621
00:41:28,040 –> 00:41:33,280
bow, every tongue shall confess,
and every hidden purpose will be

622
00:41:33,280 –> 00:41:49,570
revealed to His glory.
Thank you for listening to the

623
00:41:49,570 –> 00:41:51,170
good Chris Adelphian Talks
podcast.

624
00:41:51,970 –> 00:41:54,450
We hope this talk helped you in
your walk and brightened your

625
00:41:54,450 –> 00:41:56,810
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626
00:41:56,810 –> 00:41:58,570
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00:41:59,000 –> 00:42:02,200
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641
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