{"id":1498,"date":"2026-07-05T21:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T21:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/goodchristadelphiantalks.com\/index.php\/podcast\/407-darren-tappouras-the-resurrection-of-christ\/"},"modified":"2026-09-10T16:34:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T16:34:20","slug":"407-darren-tappouras-the-resurrection-of-christ","status":"publish","type":"podcast","link":"https:\/\/goodchristadelphiantalks.com\/index.php\/podcast\/407-darren-tappouras-the-resurrection-of-christ\/","title":{"rendered":"407: Darren Tappouras – The Resurrection of Christ"},"content":{"rendered":"

This week’s talk is from a series by Brother Darren Tappouras titled “The Man Who Changed the World,” which was given in 2025 at Rathmines Summer Bible School. This is class 5, “The Resurrection of Christ.”<\/p>\n

Be sure to subscribe to the GCT Extended podcast<\/a> to hear the other classes in this series!<\/p>\n

We hope this strengthens your Faith and brightens your day!<\/p>\n

Thank you for listening, God bless, and talk to you next week.<\/p>\n

Send talk suggestions or comments to:\u00a0\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060GoodChristadelphianTalks@gmail.com\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p>\n

For Show Notes, visit our website:\u00a0\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060GoodChristadelphianTalks.com\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060\u2060<\/a><\/p>\n

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1
\n00:00:03,960 –> 00:00:05,440
\nWelcome to good Christophian
\ntalks. <\/p>\n

2
\n00:00:05,920 –> 00:00:07,120
\nThank you for joining us this
\nweek. <\/p>\n

3
\n00:00:07,680 –> 00:00:11,040
\nOn this podcast, we select one
\ntalk a week to help us get the <\/p>\n

4
\n00:00:11,040 –> 00:00:16,000
\nBible in our Daily News feed.
\nEach week we post a talk that we<\/p>\n

5
\n00:00:16,000 –> 00:00:19,000
\npreviewed from suggestions sent
\nin by listeners from around the <\/p>\n

6
\n00:00:19,000 –> 00:00:21,560
\nworld.
\nThen we record a short intro <\/p>\n

7
\n00:00:21,560 –> 00:00:25,040
\nbeforehand as a personalized
\nrecommendation to you on why we <\/p>\n

8
\n00:00:25,040 –> 00:00:28,000
\nare sharing the talk.
\nAnd now let’s talk more about <\/p>\n

9
\n00:00:28,000 –> 00:00:35,280
\nthis week’s talk.
\nHello and welcome back to good <\/p>\n

10
\n00:00:35,280 –> 00:00:39,000
\nChristadelphian Talks.
\nMy name is Gideon Ryan, I am a <\/p>\n

11
\n00:00:39,000 –> 00:00:42,080
\nmember of the Hunter Valley
\nEcclesia in New South Wales, <\/p>\n

12
\n00:00:42,080 –> 00:00:46,400
\nAustralia and I’m your guest
\nhost for GCT this July. <\/p>\n

13
\n00:00:47,200 –> 00:00:50,040
\nThe talk this week is from a
\nseries called The Man Who <\/p>\n

14
\n00:00:50,040 –> 00:00:53,880
\nChanged the World and it was
\ngiven by Darren Deporis in <\/p>\n

15
\n00:00:53,880 –> 00:00:56,560
\n2025’s Summer School at
\nRathmines. <\/p>\n

16
\n00:00:57,240 –> 00:01:00,400
\nI was actually at this Bible
\nschool and was fortunate enough <\/p>\n

17
\n00:01:00,400 –> 00:01:03,520
\nto engage in much of the
\ndiscussion surrounding the <\/p>\n

18
\n00:01:03,520 –> 00:01:06,720
\ntopics.
\nIn some of those discussions, <\/p>\n

19
\n00:01:06,720 –> 00:01:10,320
\nDarren mentioned his delightful
\nsurprise that the Bible School <\/p>\n

20
\n00:01:10,320 –> 00:01:13,280
\nCommittee went with this topic
\nof his because it was more <\/p>\n

21
\n00:01:13,280 –> 00:01:17,040
\nfocused on apologetics, that is,
\nthe evidence for Christ’s <\/p>\n

22
\n00:01:17,040 –> 00:01:21,360
\nexistence, impact, and
\nresurrection than it was on <\/p>\n

23
\n00:01:21,360 –> 00:01:24,120
\nexposition.
\nIn the upcoming recording, <\/p>\n

24
\n00:01:24,120 –> 00:01:27,960
\nDarren gives a bit of a recap of
\nhis previous sessions, but I <\/p>\n

25
\n00:01:27,960 –> 00:01:31,600
\nhighly recommend listening to
\nthe whole series on GCT Extended<\/p>\n

26
\n00:01:31,640 –> 00:01:36,040
\nfirst to feel the impact of what
\nhe says at the end of this talk.<\/p>\n

27
\n00:01:36,640 –> 00:01:40,160
\nAfter a week of comprehending
\njust how significant the man <\/p>\n

28
\n00:01:40,160 –> 00:01:45,360
\nJesus Christ was and still is, I
\nwas incredibly moved by Darren’s<\/p>\n

29
\n00:01:45,360 –> 00:01:50,080
\ncandidness, honesty, and
\nfrankness as he closes his talk.<\/p>\n

30
\n00:01:50,720 –> 00:01:54,480
\nIt was a unique feeling because
\nit made me deeply sad for those <\/p>\n

31
\n00:01:54,480 –> 00:01:58,680
\nthat have rejected Christ, but
\noverjoyed and comforted in my <\/p>\n

32
\n00:01:58,680 –> 00:02:01,840
\nown acceptance of Him and our
\ncommunities. <\/p>\n

33
\n00:02:02,600 –> 00:02:07,760
\nSo here is Darren’s talk titled
\nThe Resurrection of Christ. <\/p>\n

34
\n00:02:08,639 –> 00:02:12,560
\nAll right.
\nJust a a quick recalibration of <\/p>\n

35
\n00:02:12,560 –> 00:02:16,520
\nwhere we’ve come so far this
\nweek. <\/p>\n

36
\n00:02:17,080 –> 00:02:23,000
\nNow objective has been taken
\nfrom Philippians 3 to know him. <\/p>\n

37
\n00:02:23,440 –> 00:02:28,000
\nSo the focus has been on Jesus
\nChrist and the power of his <\/p>\n

38
\n00:02:28,000 –> 00:02:30,440
\nresurrection.
\nAnd so that’s sort of been the <\/p>\n

39
\n00:02:30,640 –> 00:02:33,760
\nthe sort of guiding principle
\nthat’s taken us through these <\/p>\n

40
\n00:02:33,760 –> 00:02:36,000
\nstudies.
\nAnd some of the things that <\/p>\n

41
\n00:02:36,000 –> 00:02:43,000
\nwe’ve expressed and focused on
\nare things like Jesus Christ is <\/p>\n

42
\n00:02:43,240 –> 00:02:47,240
\neverything.
\nJesus Christ is our Lord. <\/p>\n

43
\n00:02:47,520 –> 00:02:50,800
\nHe is the reason we wake up in
\nthe morning. <\/p>\n

44
\n00:02:51,200 –> 00:02:53,640
\nHe’s the reason we live our
\nlives. <\/p>\n

45
\n00:02:53,680 –> 00:02:57,240
\nIt is for his sake that we do
\nthings and that we don’t do <\/p>\n

46
\n00:02:57,240 –> 00:02:59,600
\nthings.
\nHe is the also the, the <\/p>\n

47
\n00:03:00,200 –> 00:03:04,440
\nbiblically speaking.
\nHe is the centre and the object <\/p>\n

48
\n00:03:04,440 –> 00:03:08,240
\nof of God’s eternal purpose.
\nWe’d looked at that in one of <\/p>\n

49
\n00:03:08,240 –> 00:03:11,760
\nour early sessions.
\nHe’s the fulfilment and the <\/p>\n

50
\n00:03:11,760 –> 00:03:14,120
\nfocus of the entire Old
\nTestament. <\/p>\n

51
\n00:03:14,760 –> 00:03:18,880
\nThe Spirit of Christ, as first
\nPeter says, saturated the entire<\/p>\n

52
\n00:03:18,880 –> 00:03:23,040
\nOld Testament record.
\nThe stories, the narratives, the<\/p>\n

53
\n00:03:23,040 –> 00:03:27,200
\nevents, the prophecies, the
\ntypes that were all screaming <\/p>\n

54
\n00:03:27,200 –> 00:03:33,000
\nout Jesus in anticipation.
\nHistorically speaking, and <\/p>\n

55
\n00:03:33,000 –> 00:03:36,560
\ntechnically speaking, we saw
\nthat Jesus Christ existed. <\/p>\n

56
\n00:03:36,560 –> 00:03:42,400
\nHe’s a fact of history, a
\nbedrock fact of history, and it <\/p>\n

57
\n00:03:42,400 –> 00:03:45,880
\nis an incontrovertible fact of
\nhistory that he lived, that he <\/p>\n

58
\n00:03:45,880 –> 00:03:50,840
\nwas executed by Pontius Pilate,
\nthe Roman governor of Judea. <\/p>\n

59
\n00:03:51,400 –> 00:03:55,360
\nHe was executed by crucifixion.
\nAnd history confirms that his <\/p>\n

60
\n00:03:55,360 –> 00:04:00,080
\nfollowers proclaimed the
\nresurrection as the explanation <\/p>\n

61
\n00:04:00,080 –> 00:04:02,840
\nof why there was an empty tomb
\nwhere he had been buried. <\/p>\n

62
\n00:04:02,840 –> 00:04:06,280
\nAnd these are these are facts.
\nNow this morning we want to turn<\/p>\n

63
\n00:04:06,280 –> 00:04:10,440
\nour attention to the empty tomb
\nand make some observations about<\/p>\n

64
\n00:04:10,840 –> 00:04:12,960
\nthat as we look at the power of
\nthe resurrection. <\/p>\n

65
\n00:04:14,560 –> 00:04:19,399
\nThe reality is there were no
\nCCTV cameras, there is no <\/p>\n

66
\n00:04:19,399 –> 00:04:22,880
\nfootage of what happened at the
\nempty tomb. <\/p>\n

67
\n00:04:23,840 –> 00:04:28,000
\nSo we have reached a point in
\nwhich we have identified facts, <\/p>\n

68
\n00:04:28,000 –> 00:04:31,280
\nhistorical facts that we can
\nknow and which can be verified. <\/p>\n

69
\n00:04:31,520 –> 00:04:35,680
\nBut we reach a point where it is
\nnow up to us to make a decision.<\/p>\n

70
\n00:04:36,800 –> 00:04:40,640
\nWe have reached a point where
\nhistorians and scholars can no <\/p>\n

71
\n00:04:40,640 –> 00:04:43,080
\nlonger help us.
\nThey have no their, their <\/p>\n

72
\n00:04:43,080 –> 00:04:45,760
\nopinions matter nothing at this
\npoint. <\/p>\n

73
\n00:04:45,760 –> 00:04:48,760
\nTheir, their opinions do not
\nhold any more weight than you or<\/p>\n

74
\n00:04:48,760 –> 00:04:51,880
\nI.
\nWe’ve engaged with scholars <\/p>\n

75
\n00:04:51,880 –> 00:04:54,000
\nbecause we want to know the
\nfacts, the historical facts and <\/p>\n

76
\n00:04:54,000 –> 00:04:56,560
\nbe certain of that.
\nBut at this point, we’re now <\/p>\n

77
\n00:04:57,120 –> 00:05:01,520
\nlooking into an empty tomb and
\nwe’re now arriving at our own <\/p>\n

78
\n00:05:01,520 –> 00:05:05,920
\nconclusions in regards to that.
\nI want to introduce you quickly <\/p>\n

79
\n00:05:05,920 –> 00:05:09,360
\nto a, a mechanism used by
\nhistorians when they’re <\/p>\n

80
\n00:05:09,360 –> 00:05:14,040
\nevaluating historical facts and
\nhistorical scenarios and <\/p>\n

81
\n00:05:14,160 –> 00:05:19,560
\nhistorical claims in particular.
\nAnd it’s called the Ibe, which <\/p>\n

82
\n00:05:19,560 –> 00:05:23,040
\nstands for your, the inference
\nto the best explanation. <\/p>\n

83
\n00:05:23,320 –> 00:05:26,600
\nSo it’s a, it’s a methodology to
\nlook at the facts that surround <\/p>\n

84
\n00:05:26,840 –> 00:05:30,840
\na historical event or a
\nhistorical claim and look at <\/p>\n

85
\n00:05:30,840 –> 00:05:34,720
\nwhat makes up the, the best
\nexplanation to explain all those<\/p>\n

86
\n00:05:34,720 –> 00:05:36,120
\nfacts.
\nAnd we’re going to come back to <\/p>\n

87
\n00:05:36,120 –> 00:05:39,000
\nthat as we end this this session
\nthis morning. <\/p>\n

88
\n00:05:39,360 –> 00:05:42,360
\nSo it’s an inductive argument
\nwhere we observe the facts that <\/p>\n

89
\n00:05:42,360 –> 00:05:46,520
\nwe know and we look at competing
\nand alternative theories as <\/p>\n

90
\n00:05:46,520 –> 00:05:48,240
\nwell.
\nAnd we evaluate them as we look <\/p>\n

91
\n00:05:48,240 –> 00:05:53,320
\nat how they may work out.
\nNow, you might think, well is <\/p>\n

92
\n00:05:53,360 –> 00:05:55,880
\nthis is not a we don’t come to
\nBible school for a logic lesson <\/p>\n

93
\n00:05:55,880 –> 00:05:57,960
\nand to to learn about how to
\nevaluate facts. <\/p>\n

94
\n00:05:57,960 –> 00:06:00,280
\nThat’s not where we’re here to
\nstudy the Bible primarily. <\/p>\n

95
\n00:06:00,280 –> 00:06:03,680
\nBut I don’t think the two are
\nmutually exclusive. <\/p>\n

96
\n00:06:03,680 –> 00:06:07,640
\nAnd I want to just introduce to
\nyou a logic factor that comes <\/p>\n

97
\n00:06:07,640 –> 00:06:10,920
\nthrough very early in the in the
\nstory of Acts. <\/p>\n

98
\n00:06:11,640 –> 00:06:16,560
\nRemember, the apostles are
\narrested, they’re taken to the <\/p>\n

99
\n00:06:16,840 –> 00:06:21,400
\nJewish Sanhedrin, the Jewish
\nleadership at the time to, to be<\/p>\n

100
\n00:06:21,760 –> 00:06:24,440
\narraigned and, and, and possibly
\nsentenced. <\/p>\n

101
\n00:06:25,480 –> 00:06:28,800
\nAnd on that occasion they’re,
\nthey’re, they’re taken out of <\/p>\n

102
\n00:06:28,800 –> 00:06:30,720
\nthe room at the request of
\nGamaliel. <\/p>\n

103
\n00:06:31,000 –> 00:06:35,000
\nNow Gamaliel was a, a legendary
\nfigure in, in Jewish history, <\/p>\n

104
\n00:06:35,000 –> 00:06:38,040
\nwon’t go into that right now,
\nbut he was held in high honour <\/p>\n

105
\n00:06:38,040 –> 00:06:42,400
\nas a text, he says in Acts 5.
\nAnd at the council, Gamaliel <\/p>\n

106
\n00:06:42,800 –> 00:06:45,280
\nstood up.
\nAnd I imagine everyone in the <\/p>\n

107
\n00:06:45,280 –> 00:06:48,960
\ncouncil would have being in awe
\nof what Gamaliel says. <\/p>\n

108
\n00:06:48,960 –> 00:06:53,320
\nSo they sit back and they listen
\nto this revered person as he <\/p>\n

109
\n00:06:53,320 –> 00:06:57,160
\nstands up.
\nAnd he says, men of Israel take <\/p>\n

110
\n00:06:57,160 –> 00:07:04,400
\ncare of what you’re about to do.
\nHe says he puts to them this <\/p>\n

111
\n00:07:04,960 –> 00:07:13,480
\nlogic, this, this way of seeing
\nwhat’s happening and then making<\/p>\n

112
\n00:07:13,480 –> 00:07:16,200
\nconclusions about it.
\nHe says, man of Israel, I want <\/p>\n

113
\n00:07:16,200 –> 00:07:18,120
\nto tell you a little bit about
\nour recent history, what’s <\/p>\n

114
\n00:07:18,120 –> 00:07:22,000
\nhappened in our local area.
\nHe says before these days <\/p>\n

115
\n00:07:22,480 –> 00:07:26,920
\nsomeone called Thudus rose up,
\nanother pretender, another <\/p>\n

116
\n00:07:26,920 –> 00:07:29,840
\npretend Messiah.
\nHe claimed to be somebody. <\/p>\n

117
\n00:07:30,520 –> 00:07:36,960
\nHe took a number of men, about
\n400, and they were claiming that<\/p>\n

118
\n00:07:36,960 –> 00:07:40,000
\nhe was going to be the Messiah.
\nWhat happened to him? <\/p>\n

119
\n00:07:40,360 –> 00:07:45,040
\nHe was killed and all those who
\nfollowed him were dispersed and <\/p>\n

120
\n00:07:45,040 –> 00:07:50,280
\nof course his whole claim and
\nhis whole movement came to <\/p>\n

121
\n00:07:50,280 –> 00:07:52,320
\nnothing.
\nIt just ended at that point. <\/p>\n

122
\n00:07:53,360 –> 00:07:56,840
\nHe says another, another
\ngentleman by the name of Judas <\/p>\n

123
\n00:07:57,040 –> 00:07:59,760
\nfrom Galilee also like from
\nGalilee, like this Jesus <\/p>\n

124
\n00:07:59,760 –> 00:08:02,760
\ncharacter is, he rose up in the
\ndays of the census, if you <\/p>\n

125
\n00:08:02,760 –> 00:08:05,880
\nremember, and he drew away a big
\nfollowing. <\/p>\n

126
\n00:08:05,880 –> 00:08:09,720
\nHe had a big following as well.
\nHe too perished, probably <\/p>\n

127
\n00:08:09,720 –> 00:08:13,800
\nbrutally perished and those who
\nfollowed him were scattered. <\/p>\n

128
\n00:08:13,800 –> 00:08:15,760
\nThat was just the the natural
\noutcome. <\/p>\n

129
\n00:08:15,760 –> 00:08:19,600
\nOnce one of these pretenders is
\nis smashed and and, and and <\/p>\n

130
\n00:08:19,600 –> 00:08:23,480
\nbroken and everyone scatters.
\nSo he draws his conclusion. <\/p>\n

131
\n00:08:24,240 –> 00:08:28,920
\nHe says, So in this present
\ncase, if we’re just dealing with<\/p>\n

132
\n00:08:28,920 –> 00:08:35,520
\nanother pretender, he says if,
\nif, if this person, this Jesus <\/p>\n

133
\n00:08:35,520 –> 00:08:40,200
\nof Nazareth is just like them,
\nHe says just be careful in this <\/p>\n

134
\n00:08:40,200 –> 00:08:47,160
\ncase for if this is just a man
\nmade claim, it will basically <\/p>\n

135
\n00:08:47,160 –> 00:08:49,760
\ncome to nothing.
\nIt will also fail just as all <\/p>\n

136
\n00:08:49,760 –> 00:08:54,760
\nthe other attempts have failed.
\nIn fact, Josephus records about <\/p>\n

137
\n00:08:54,760 –> 00:08:58,200
\n30 different pretend messiahs
\nwho had risen up around this <\/p>\n

138
\n00:08:58,200 –> 00:09:00,640
\nperiod in history.
\nSo it was not a not a unique <\/p>\n

139
\n00:09:00,640 –> 00:09:03,200
\nthing.
\nAnd all of them, of course, were<\/p>\n

140
\n00:09:03,200 –> 00:09:07,720
\nwere brutally suppressed.
\nSo he says this will come to <\/p>\n

141
\n00:09:07,720 –> 00:09:09,840
\nnothing.
\nAnd that is logical, isn’t it? <\/p>\n

142
\n00:09:09,840 –> 00:09:12,520
\nThat’s absolutely logical.
\nThat’s what happened to all the <\/p>\n

143
\n00:09:12,520 –> 00:09:14,400
\nother claimants and all the
\nother pretenders. <\/p>\n

144
\n00:09:14,600 –> 00:09:17,440
\nThey came to nothing.
\nAnd he says, so would this will <\/p>\n

145
\n00:09:17,440 –> 00:09:22,160
\nbe the case here?
\nBut he says, but but if it is of<\/p>\n

146
\n00:09:22,160 –> 00:09:26,680
\nGod, then that won’t be the case
\nbecause you cannot overthrow God<\/p>\n

147
\n00:09:26,680 –> 00:09:29,680
\nand in fact you’ll be opposing
\nGod. <\/p>\n

148
\n00:09:30,240 –> 00:09:32,560
\nNow that is pretty logical and
\ntight, isn’t it? <\/p>\n

149
\n00:09:33,120 –> 00:09:35,920
\nThere’s been lots of pretenders.
\nThey’ve come to nothing. <\/p>\n

150
\n00:09:36,800 –> 00:09:40,760
\nIf this Jesus character is also
\na pretender, he’ll come to <\/p>\n

151
\n00:09:40,760 –> 00:09:42,440
\nnothing.
\nAnd that really should have been<\/p>\n

152
\n00:09:42,440 –> 00:09:45,000
\nthe end of the story.
\nHistory would have forgotten him<\/p>\n

153
\n00:09:45,000 –> 00:09:47,000
\nlike they’ve forgotten all those
\nother people. <\/p>\n

154
\n00:09:47,160 –> 00:09:49,760
\nNo one’s ever heard of much
\nabout these people. <\/p>\n

155
\n00:09:50,360 –> 00:09:51,920
\nIt should have all been over Red
\nRover. <\/p>\n

156
\n00:09:51,920 –> 00:09:55,520
\nThat would be the end of it.
\nHowever, if it is from God, then<\/p>\n

157
\n00:09:55,520 –> 00:09:56,640
\nit’s not going to be the end of
\nit. <\/p>\n

158
\n00:09:57,240 –> 00:10:00,880
\nAnd that is the logic that we’re
\ndrawing on this morning. <\/p>\n

159
\n00:10:02,080 –> 00:10:05,680
\nSo we spent a little bit of time
\nestablishing the fact of Jesus, <\/p>\n

160
\n00:10:05,680 –> 00:10:10,640
\nthe reality of Jesus, that he is
\na a character in history, a very<\/p>\n

161
\n00:10:10,640 –> 00:10:13,440
\ncentral character in history.
\nAs we saw our entire dating <\/p>\n

162
\n00:10:13,440 –> 00:10:15,440
\nsystem is based on reference
\nback to him. <\/p>\n

163
\n00:10:16,200 –> 00:10:19,320
\nWe use those established facts
\nto go back into the Old <\/p>\n

164
\n00:10:19,320 –> 00:10:21,800
\nTestament and look at some
\nmessianic prophecies very <\/p>\n

165
\n00:10:21,800 –> 00:10:26,240
\nquickly, I know, but these
\nprophecies gave really specific <\/p>\n

166
\n00:10:26,240 –> 00:10:29,360
\ndetails about this Messiah
\ncharacter that would come. <\/p>\n

167
\n00:10:29,560 –> 00:10:33,600
\nAnd we saw how Jesus in these
\nvery in his verifiable life <\/p>\n

168
\n00:10:33,880 –> 00:10:36,720
\nfulfilled these prophecies that
\nwere written. <\/p>\n

169
\n00:10:36,880 –> 00:10:40,880
\nAnd we we did reckon that they
\nwere written at least 2 or 300 <\/p>\n

170
\n00:10:40,880 –> 00:10:43,440
\nyears before the fact.
\nAnd then we spent a whole <\/p>\n

171
\n00:10:43,440 –> 00:10:46,920
\nsession almost looking forward
\nin history from that established<\/p>\n

172
\n00:10:46,920 –> 00:10:52,080
\nfact and seeing the effect that
\nJesus has had in our world. <\/p>\n

173
\n00:10:52,280 –> 00:10:55,560
\nAnd it’s undeniable.
\nSo those two sets of facts <\/p>\n

174
\n00:10:55,800 –> 00:10:59,960
\nanchored back to a historical
\nreality are very strong and very<\/p>\n

175
\n00:10:59,960 –> 00:11:02,080
\nundeniable.
\nAnd we’ll talk more about that <\/p>\n

176
\n00:11:02,080 –> 00:11:05,440
\nin a minute.
\nSo we’re claiming that what we <\/p>\n

177
\n00:11:05,440 –> 00:11:11,320
\nhave here in Scripture and in
\nthe historical record is a <\/p>\n

178
\n00:11:11,320 –> 00:11:14,720
\nmiracle.
\nThe the the the explanation <\/p>\n

179
\n00:11:15,480 –> 00:11:20,120
\nfollowing Gamaliel’s logic, the
\nexclamation is this could only <\/p>\n

180
\n00:11:20,120 –> 00:11:22,560
\nbe from God.
\nThis could not be a that no <\/p>\n

181
\n00:11:22,560 –> 00:11:26,200
\nnaturalistic explanation is
\nreally satisfactory. <\/p>\n

182
\n00:11:26,840 –> 00:11:30,560
\nThink of what what this entails.
\nThink of the facts behind this <\/p>\n

183
\n00:11:30,560 –> 00:11:34,360
\nman.
\nHe was a nobody and I can’t <\/p>\n

184
\n00:11:35,000 –> 00:11:38,720
\nexpress that enough.
\nHe came from a poverty ridden <\/p>\n

185
\n00:11:38,720 –> 00:11:42,800
\nvillage in the back of nowhere
\ncalled Nazareth, from a from a <\/p>\n

186
\n00:11:42,800 –> 00:11:46,040
\nvery insignificant family who
\nlived in poverty. <\/p>\n

187
\n00:11:46,320 –> 00:11:49,680
\nEven his birth is really low
\nlevel, isn’t it? <\/p>\n

188
\n00:11:49,680 –> 00:11:55,240
\nHe’s born in an animal shelter.
\nHe grows up in poverty and <\/p>\n

189
\n00:11:55,240 –> 00:11:56,880
\nthere’s internal evidence for
\nthat. <\/p>\n

190
\n00:11:57,480 –> 00:12:00,080
\nHe lived in this backwater
\nvillage called Nazareth, the <\/p>\n

191
\n00:12:00,080 –> 00:12:04,520
\nback of nowhere.
\nHe was a Carpenter, a person who<\/p>\n

192
\n00:12:04,520 –> 00:12:08,080
\nworked with his hands and his
\nfather had more than likely <\/p>\n

193
\n00:12:08,080 –> 00:12:10,240
\napprentice father is sometimes
\ncalled the Carpenter or <\/p>\n

194
\n00:12:10,400 –> 00:12:12,360
\nsometimes Jesus is called the
\nson of a Carpenter. <\/p>\n

195
\n00:12:12,360 –> 00:12:17,680
\nSo would appear that his father,
\nwho seems to have passed away in<\/p>\n

196
\n00:12:17,680 –> 00:12:21,440
\nthe story relatively early in
\nJesus life, apprentice him. <\/p>\n

197
\n00:12:21,800 –> 00:12:27,040
\nAnd if Jesus worked as a
\nCarpenter up until his public <\/p>\n

198
\n00:12:27,040 –> 00:12:30,680
\nministry commences, it’s a it’s
\na long period of time, 18 or 20 <\/p>\n

199
\n00:12:30,680 –> 00:12:36,600
\nyears.
\nThe Son of God, this genius son,<\/p>\n

200
\n00:12:36,600 –> 00:12:39,640
\nthe divine begotten son of God
\nis learning obedience by the <\/p>\n

201
\n00:12:39,640 –> 00:12:43,920
\nthings he suffers in the
\nbackwaters of this unknown <\/p>\n

202
\n00:12:43,920 –> 00:12:46,920
\nvillage, working with his hands
\nday in day out. <\/p>\n

203
\n00:12:46,920 –> 00:12:49,440
\nAnd that’s that’s how God works
\nwith all his children. <\/p>\n

204
\n00:12:49,440 –> 00:12:53,720
\nThat’s all of us see ourselves
\nreflected in in that he had no <\/p>\n

205
\n00:12:53,800 –> 00:12:57,480
\narmies at his disposal.
\nHe has no education, he has no <\/p>\n

206
\n00:12:57,480 –> 00:13:00,480
\nmoney.
\nHe has no formal education in <\/p>\n

207
\n00:13:00,480 –> 00:13:03,800
\nthe sense of, of a classical
\neducation like the like the <\/p>\n

208
\n00:13:03,800 –> 00:13:06,560
\nApostle Paul had.
\nHe doesn’t travel. <\/p>\n

209
\n00:13:07,000 –> 00:13:09,920
\nHe does, you know, Jesus never
\nwent more than 100 kilometres or<\/p>\n

210
\n00:13:09,920 –> 00:13:12,920
\nso in his entire life from from
\nwhere he was born. <\/p>\n

211
\n00:13:13,960 –> 00:13:16,520
\nHis public ministry is 3 1\/2
\nyears. <\/p>\n

212
\n00:13:16,640 –> 00:13:20,400
\nThat’s, that’s nothing.
\nIt’s, it’s a blip of time. <\/p>\n

213
\n00:13:21,560 –> 00:13:25,240
\nNever travelled, never went to
\nthe big centres of influence <\/p>\n

214
\n00:13:25,240 –> 00:13:29,840
\nlike Alexandria in Egypt or into
\nAthens or Rome itself. <\/p>\n

215
\n00:13:29,840 –> 00:13:36,080
\nHe just lived in this area this
\nsort of forsake an area Galilee <\/p>\n

216
\n00:13:36,080 –> 00:13:39,280
\nof the Gentiles, this this sort
\nof backwater part of of the <\/p>\n

217
\n00:13:39,280 –> 00:13:42,000
\nworld.
\nAnd when he does eventually <\/p>\n

218
\n00:13:42,200 –> 00:13:44,680
\nlaunch his sort of public
\nministry, if you want to call it<\/p>\n

219
\n00:13:44,680 –> 00:13:50,320
\nthat is followed by 12 nobodies,
\n12 working class by and large <\/p>\n

220
\n00:13:50,320 –> 00:13:55,280
\nfishermen that that that that
\nare not extraordinary men at <\/p>\n

221
\n00:13:55,280 –> 00:13:59,360
\nthat stage of their life at all.
\nHow does this man change the <\/p>\n

222
\n00:13:59,360 –> 00:14:01,160
\nworld?
\nWhat what is the explanation for<\/p>\n

223
\n00:14:01,160 –> 00:14:04,520
\nthat?
\nI just took this out of a from a<\/p>\n

224
\n00:14:04,520 –> 00:14:05,760
\nfrom a writer.
\nHe says. <\/p>\n

225
\n00:14:05,760 –> 00:14:11,520
\nIt’s really inconceivable that a
\npeasant class Carpenter with no <\/p>\n

226
\n00:14:11,520 –> 00:14:15,120
\nmoney, no army, no social
\nposition, no resources could <\/p>\n

227
\n00:14:15,120 –> 00:14:18,400
\ngenerate a world shaking force
\nlike Christianity. <\/p>\n

228
\n00:14:18,720 –> 00:14:22,840
\nThere is no logical, human way
\nto explain how his teachings <\/p>\n

229
\n00:14:22,840 –> 00:14:26,640
\ngrew so rapidly and went on to
\nrevolutionize human <\/p>\n

230
\n00:14:26,640 –> 00:14:31,200
\ncivilization, not just survive.
\nHe’s early followers, <\/p>\n

231
\n00:14:31,200 –> 00:14:35,480
\nuneducated, lower class, largely
\nilliterate, existing in isolated<\/p>\n

232
\n00:14:35,480 –> 00:14:38,440
\ngroups of believers bonded
\ntogether for mutual support in a<\/p>\n

233
\n00:14:38,440 –> 00:14:41,560
\nhostile environment.
\nNot in the not in the sort of <\/p>\n

234
\n00:14:41,560 –> 00:14:44,200
\ndominant culture, but though
\nthey were underground in a <\/p>\n

235
\n00:14:44,200 –> 00:14:47,400
\nhostile environment.
\nGroups like that are rarely <\/p>\n

236
\n00:14:47,400 –> 00:14:51,800
\nnoticed in history, not they
\ndon’t even warrant a mention, <\/p>\n

237
\n00:14:52,280 –> 00:14:55,840
\nlet alone change history.
\nAnd this is, this is a <\/p>\n

238
\n00:14:55,840 –> 00:14:59,920
\nphenomenon that we’re
\nconsidering from a village in <\/p>\n

239
\n00:14:59,920 –> 00:15:04,600
\nthe back of nowhere today.
\nThere are people who claim to be<\/p>\n

240
\n00:15:04,600 –> 00:15:08,520
\nhis followers, who look to him
\nas their, as their spiritual <\/p>\n

241
\n00:15:09,000 –> 00:15:12,240
\ninspiration, their spiritual
\nleader all over the globe. <\/p>\n

242
\n00:15:13,040 –> 00:15:16,480
\nAnd there is, as we speak,
\nparticularly in the third world <\/p>\n

243
\n00:15:16,480 –> 00:15:21,320
\nin, in Africa and Asia, a boom
\nof people interested in Jesus. <\/p>\n

244
\n00:15:21,320 –> 00:15:24,560
\nIt’s it’s incredible.
\nIn Asia there’s 300 million <\/p>\n

245
\n00:15:24,560 –> 00:15:27,600
\npeople claiming to follow Jesus.
\nChina, 100 million. <\/p>\n

246
\n00:15:27,600 –> 00:15:31,280
\nIn fact, I read an article just
\nthis week that says by 20-30 <\/p>\n

247
\n00:15:31,600 –> 00:15:34,600
\nChina will be the largest
\nChristian nation in the world. <\/p>\n

248
\n00:15:34,840 –> 00:15:38,320
\nI mean, that’s just phenomenal
\nfrom a communist nation only <\/p>\n

249
\n00:15:38,320 –> 00:15:43,560
\ndecades ago. 480 million in
\nSouth Africa, 3 in South America<\/p>\n

250
\n00:15:43,560 –> 00:15:46,760
\nrather 360 million in Africa and
\ngrowing all the time. <\/p>\n

251
\n00:15:48,560 –> 00:15:51,800
\nTwo out of three followers of
\nJesus, if you like living either<\/p>\n

252
\n00:15:51,800 –> 00:15:55,800
\nAsia, Africa or South America.
\nSo no longer is Christianity the<\/p>\n

253
\n00:15:56,600 –> 00:16:01,000
\nthe the the the colonial
\nreligion of of of the white <\/p>\n

254
\n00:16:02,040 –> 00:16:03,680
\ncultures that it that it once
\nwas. <\/p>\n

255
\n00:16:03,680 –> 00:16:08,760
\nNow it’s now now most followers
\nof Jesus are are brown and black<\/p>\n

256
\n00:16:08,760 –> 00:16:11,800
\nwho live in in far-flung parts
\nof of the world. <\/p>\n

257
\n00:16:12,280 –> 00:16:16,240
\nAnd so even places like Iran,
\nChristianity is is is grap <\/p>\n

258
\n00:16:16,240 –> 00:16:19,600
\ngrowing rapidly.
\nI put this quote up from an <\/p>\n

259
\n00:16:19,600 –> 00:16:23,000
\natheist historian just to show
\nyou the effect that Jesus has <\/p>\n

260
\n00:16:23,000 –> 00:16:24,760
\nhad on the world.
\nAnd I’ll quickly repeat it now. <\/p>\n

261
\n00:16:24,760 –> 00:16:27,760
\nAnd it’s from Bird Ehrman, who’s
\nan atheist who is not a <\/p>\n

262
\n00:16:27,760 –> 00:16:31,200
\nChristian at all, quite anti
\nChristianity, but he’s a an <\/p>\n

263
\n00:16:31,200 –> 00:16:35,880
\nexpert in in in this history.
\nHe says the profound impact of <\/p>\n

264
\n00:16:35,880 –> 00:16:40,520
\nJesus ethical teachings, love,
\ncompassion and concern for <\/p>\n

265
\n00:16:40,520 –> 00:16:45,160
\nothers were revolutionary when
\nthey were given and continue to <\/p>\n

266
\n00:16:45,160 –> 00:16:47,040
\nbe so.
\nJesus teachings about loving <\/p>\n

267
\n00:16:47,040 –> 00:16:51,040
\nyour neighbor, caring for the
\npoor and the marginalized, even <\/p>\n

268
\n00:16:51,040 –> 00:16:53,920
\nloving your enemies were
\ngroundbreaking in their <\/p>\n

269
\n00:16:53,920 –> 00:16:57,680
\nhistorical context and have had
\na lasting influence on western <\/p>\n

270
\n00:16:57,680 –> 00:17:00,920
\nmoral thought.
\nI mean, how do you explain this <\/p>\n

271
\n00:17:00,920 –> 00:17:04,599
\nnaturally from a village, a
\npeasant in a village in the back<\/p>\n

272
\n00:17:04,599 –> 00:17:09,720
\nof nowhere, to now influencing A
\nlasting influence on on on <\/p>\n

273
\n00:17:09,720 –> 00:17:12,839
\nWestern thought.
\nWe said all over the world, <\/p>\n

274
\n00:17:12,839 –> 00:17:15,640
\nevery day of the week, the date
\npops up on mobile phones, <\/p>\n

275
\n00:17:15,640 –> 00:17:19,079
\ncomputer screens, business
\ntransactions, banking documents <\/p>\n

276
\n00:17:19,160 –> 00:17:22,680
\nall over the world is a
\ntestimony to the existence of <\/p>\n

277
\n00:17:22,839 –> 00:17:26,160
\nJesus of Nazareth.
\nEverything that happens in our <\/p>\n

278
\n00:17:26,160 –> 00:17:31,320
\nworld, world wars, political
\nevents, catastrophes are all <\/p>\n

279
\n00:17:31,320 –> 00:17:34,160
\nanchored back and dated to the
\nbirth of this man. <\/p>\n

280
\n00:17:34,400 –> 00:17:36,880
\nHow do you explain that?
\nThat that is just a phenomenon, <\/p>\n

281
\n00:17:36,880 –> 00:17:41,760
\nisn’t it?
\nAnd so we want to this morning <\/p>\n

282
\n00:17:41,760 –> 00:17:46,360
\njust add some more, if you like,
\nweight to the reality of Jesus <\/p>\n

283
\n00:17:46,360 –> 00:17:48,800
\nand particularly the reality of
\nthe resurrection. <\/p>\n

284
\n00:17:50,400 –> 00:17:52,920
\nWe’re going to look at very,
\nvery briefly this morning the <\/p>\n

285
\n00:17:52,920 –> 00:17:56,840
\npower of what we call eyewitness
\nreports, because as we said, <\/p>\n

286
\n00:17:56,840 –> 00:18:01,560
\nthere was no video footage.
\nAnd even today with AI, you <\/p>\n

287
\n00:18:01,560 –> 00:18:03,600
\ncan’t even trust video footage
\nanymore, can you? <\/p>\n

288
\n00:18:03,600 –> 00:18:06,880
\nSo, so how do we, how do we know
\nanything happens in history at <\/p>\n

289
\n00:18:06,920 –> 00:18:08,440
\nall?
\nHow do we, how do we, how are we<\/p>\n

290
\n00:18:08,440 –> 00:18:11,680
\nconfident of any historical
\nfigure or any historical event? <\/p>\n

291
\n00:18:12,840 –> 00:18:17,680
\nWell, like every other
\nhistorical event or character, <\/p>\n

292
\n00:18:18,280 –> 00:18:22,160
\nwe are, we, we have attestation
\nis a technical term or we have, <\/p>\n

293
\n00:18:22,800 –> 00:18:26,280
\nwe have eyewitness reports.
\nIt’s not unique to Jesus. <\/p>\n

294
\n00:18:26,360 –> 00:18:29,960
\nIt’s not unique to the Bible.
\nIt’s how we know every single <\/p>\n

295
\n00:18:29,960 –> 00:18:31,760
\nthing that’s ever happened in
\nhistory. <\/p>\n

296
\n00:18:31,920 –> 00:18:34,880
\nIt’s eyewitness reports.
\nAnd so it’s, it’s up to us to <\/p>\n

297
\n00:18:34,880 –> 00:18:38,080
\nlook at the credibility of those
\nreports and to believe it or <\/p>\n

298
\n00:18:38,080 –> 00:18:41,560
\nnot.
\nYou know, as I think we might <\/p>\n

299
\n00:18:41,560 –> 00:18:44,280
\nhave mentioned this, the Bible,
\nthe New Testament particularly, <\/p>\n

300
\n00:18:44,280 –> 00:18:47,760
\nis evidentiary.
\nIt’s, it’s written as a piece of<\/p>\n

301
\n00:18:47,760 –> 00:18:51,200
\nevidence.
\nIt’s evidence of something as <\/p>\n

302
\n00:18:51,560 –> 00:18:54,800
\nJohn expresses it in his
\ngospels, evidence that Jesus is <\/p>\n

303
\n00:18:54,800 –> 00:18:58,560
\nthe Son of God.
\nActs, the preface to Acts, the <\/p>\n

304
\n00:18:58,560 –> 00:19:01,280
\npreface to the Gospel of Luke.
\nThese are evidentiary documents <\/p>\n

305
\n00:19:01,280 –> 00:19:04,720
\nwritten from that perspective to
\ngive you and I confidence that <\/p>\n

306
\n00:19:05,000 –> 00:19:09,000
\nGod’s son walked this earth and
\nand we saw him and touched him <\/p>\n

307
\n00:19:09,000 –> 00:19:12,760
\nand felt him and and and we have
\nthe witness statements from <\/p>\n

308
\n00:19:12,760 –> 00:19:15,720
\nthese these characters.
\nAnd this is how the apostles <\/p>\n

309
\n00:19:15,720 –> 00:19:19,160
\nactually saw their role when
\nJudas is replaced, The <\/p>\n

310
\n00:19:19,160 –> 00:19:21,280
\nreplacement had to have been
\nwith Christ from the beginning, <\/p>\n

311
\n00:19:21,520 –> 00:19:24,880
\nhad to have seen the risen law.
\nThey were because then primary <\/p>\n

312
\n00:19:24,880 –> 00:19:29,560
\nrole would be living testimonies
\nto be to to be living pieces of <\/p>\n

313
\n00:19:29,560 –> 00:19:32,120
\nevidence that the Lord had risen
\nfrom the dead. <\/p>\n

314
\n00:19:32,440 –> 00:19:35,080
\nThat’s what the apostles primary
\nrole was. <\/p>\n

315
\n00:19:36,120 –> 00:19:39,240
\nSo how can we know living 2000
\nyears later, how can we have <\/p>\n

316
\n00:19:39,240 –> 00:19:44,280
\nconfidence in this character
\nthat existed and lived that we <\/p>\n

317
\n00:19:44,280 –> 00:19:46,840
\nknow from history, but also that
\nhe rose from the dead? <\/p>\n

318
\n00:19:47,440 –> 00:19:50,840
\nWell, the same way we know
\nanything in history, the <\/p>\n

319
\n00:19:50,840 –> 00:19:56,320
\ntestimony of eyewitnesses.
\nSo we have this really beautiful<\/p>\n

320
\n00:19:56,320 –> 00:19:59,320
\nstatement of the Lord’s in John
\n20. <\/p>\n

321
\n00:19:59,320 –> 00:20:04,040
\nThis is the record of where, if
\nyou remember, Jesus appears to <\/p>\n

322
\n00:20:04,040 –> 00:20:06,160
\nthe apostles when Thomas was not
\nwith them. <\/p>\n

323
\n00:20:06,840 –> 00:20:09,760
\nThomas refuses to believe and
\nsays unless I touch his hands <\/p>\n

324
\n00:20:09,760 –> 00:20:11,080
\nand his side, I’m just not going
\nto believe. <\/p>\n

325
\n00:20:11,080 –> 00:20:14,320
\nI want that tactile physical
\nevidence, that direct evidence <\/p>\n

326
\n00:20:14,320 –> 00:20:17,680
\nor I’m not going to believe.
\nHe gets the privilege of that <\/p>\n

327
\n00:20:17,680 –> 00:20:21,480
\nevidence presented to him and he
\nfalls down at Jesus feet and and<\/p>\n

328
\n00:20:21,480 –> 00:20:25,040
\nbelieves.
\nJesus says you are very blessed,<\/p>\n

329
\n00:20:25,040 –> 00:20:27,880
\nThomas, to have received that
\nlevel of evidence. <\/p>\n

330
\n00:20:27,880 –> 00:20:32,040
\nAnd he says in verse 29, Thomas,
\nbecause you have seen me, you’ve<\/p>\n

331
\n00:20:32,040 –> 00:20:37,560
\nphysically seen me, you have
\nbelieved, that’s wonderful. <\/p>\n

332
\n00:20:38,480 –> 00:20:44,080
\nBut he says blessed are those
\nwho have not seen me. <\/p>\n

333
\n00:20:44,840 –> 00:20:49,200
\nThat’s that’s us.
\nThis is a special blessing <\/p>\n

334
\n00:20:49,720 –> 00:20:56,560
\ndirected at us who have not seen
\nme and yet have believed and <\/p>\n

335
\n00:20:56,560 –> 00:20:59,200
\nthen the verse next verse goes
\non to say Jesus did many things <\/p>\n

336
\n00:20:59,200 –> 00:21:02,240
\nin the presence of his disciples
\nthat a lot of them aren’t even <\/p>\n

337
\n00:21:02,240 –> 00:21:04,640
\nrecorded in the in the
\neyewitness testimonies. <\/p>\n

338
\n00:21:05,000 –> 00:21:13,400
\nBut verse 31 says, but these are
\nwritten, there is under the <\/p>\n

339
\n00:21:13,400 –> 00:21:18,280
\ninspiration and the guidance of
\nGod, enough data collected and <\/p>\n

340
\n00:21:18,280 –> 00:21:22,040
\nrecorded for us that we can have
\nabsolute confidence that Jesus <\/p>\n

341
\n00:21:22,040 –> 00:21:24,320
\nexisted and that Jesus rose from
\nthe dead. <\/p>\n

342
\n00:21:24,560 –> 00:21:28,160
\nThese are written, So here’s
\nour, here’s our source, our <\/p>\n

343
\n00:21:28,160 –> 00:21:31,880
\nsource documents and the purpose
\nbehind these source documents. <\/p>\n

344
\n00:21:32,280 –> 00:21:37,760
\nThese are written that you may
\nbelieve that Jesus is the <\/p>\n

345
\n00:21:37,760 –> 00:21:41,120
\nChrist, the Messiah, the
\nanointed one, the Son of God, <\/p>\n

346
\n00:21:41,800 –> 00:21:44,840
\nand that believing.
\nSo we’ve looked at the subject <\/p>\n

347
\n00:21:44,840 –> 00:21:48,600
\nof faith with brother Ken by
\nbelieving, living that belief in<\/p>\n

348
\n00:21:48,600 –> 00:21:52,160
\nyour life, you may have life in
\nhis name. <\/p>\n

349
\n00:21:52,160 –> 00:21:54,240
\nAnd that’s how we’re going to
\nend our session in a sense, <\/p>\n

350
\n00:21:54,240 –> 00:21:58,120
\ngoing back to the the power of
\nthe resurrection and the power <\/p>\n

351
\n00:21:58,120 –> 00:22:00,240
\nof life that comes from this
\nreality. <\/p>\n

352
\n00:22:00,440 –> 00:22:04,240
\nSo we’ve got these written
\neyewitness statements that have <\/p>\n

353
\n00:22:04,240 –> 00:22:08,720
\nbeen preserved by God for us.
\nThomas got direct evidence. <\/p>\n

354
\n00:22:08,720 –> 00:22:12,120
\nHe got the touch physically and
\ntangibly interact with the risen<\/p>\n

355
\n00:22:12,120 –> 00:22:14,320
\nLord.
\nWe don’t have that evidence, but<\/p>\n

356
\n00:22:14,320 –> 00:22:17,200
\nwe have what we might call
\nindirect evidence as all history<\/p>\n

357
\n00:22:17,200 –> 00:22:23,000
\nis and all history is based on.
\nAnd then in in John 17, in that <\/p>\n

358
\n00:22:23,520 –> 00:22:27,480
\nbeautiful little discourse and,
\nand, and, and prayer that Jesus <\/p>\n

359
\n00:22:27,480 –> 00:22:30,400
\noffers before his arrest, he’s
\npraying for his immediate <\/p>\n

360
\n00:22:30,400 –> 00:22:32,880
\nfollowers because they’re about
\nto be stressed and put under <\/p>\n

361
\n00:22:32,880 –> 00:22:35,400
\npressure.
\nBut he adds us to the prayer as <\/p>\n

362
\n00:22:35,400 –> 00:22:37,200
\nwell.
\nHe says, I don’t pray for these <\/p>\n

363
\n00:22:37,200 –> 00:22:39,240
\nalone.
\nGod, they need you. <\/p>\n

364
\n00:22:40,920 –> 00:22:45,360
\nBut I also pray for those who
\nbelieve in me through their <\/p>\n

365
\n00:22:45,840 –> 00:22:51,280
\nword, their word.
\nThey will be then the custodians<\/p>\n

366
\n00:22:51,280 –> 00:22:55,160
\nof this this reality.
\nThey will write down their <\/p>\n

367
\n00:22:55,160 –> 00:22:56,560
\nmemoirs.
\nThey will write down their <\/p>\n

368
\n00:22:56,560 –> 00:22:58,680
\ntestimony.
\nThose things will be preserved <\/p>\n

369
\n00:22:58,680 –> 00:23:01,440
\nthrough the Providence of God
\nand they will be for us. <\/p>\n

370
\n00:23:01,520 –> 00:23:05,280
\nJesus prayer is fulfilled as we
\nsit here today and we read their<\/p>\n

371
\n00:23:05,280 –> 00:23:09,200
\ntestimony that God is with us
\nand he’s provided us this <\/p>\n

372
\n00:23:09,200 –> 00:23:13,240
\nwritten eyewitness evidence for
\nthe existence of His Son and we <\/p>\n

373
\n00:23:13,240 –> 00:23:16,560
\ncan believe through his word.
\nThese things are written for us <\/p>\n

374
\n00:23:16,920 –> 00:23:21,040
\nto have absolute confidence.
\nAnd I want to really emphasize <\/p>\n

375
\n00:23:21,040 –> 00:23:23,400
\nthis is the how the apostles saw
\ntheir work. <\/p>\n

376
\n00:23:23,400 –> 00:23:25,080
\nThis is what the apostles were
\nall about. <\/p>\n

377
\n00:23:25,880 –> 00:23:28,640
\nI just run through a number of
\nreferences just very quickly, <\/p>\n

378
\n00:23:29,240 –> 00:23:34,560
\nbeginning with the baptism of
\nJohn and right up until Christ <\/p>\n

379
\n00:23:34,560 –> 00:23:39,760
\nwas literally taken from them.
\nThe apostles helped to be <\/p>\n

380
\n00:23:39,840 –> 00:23:42,560
\nwitnesses, witnesses of the
\nresurrection. <\/p>\n

381
\n00:23:43,600 –> 00:23:47,280
\nGod has raised this Jesus to
\nlife, Peter says in Acts two of <\/p>\n

382
\n00:23:47,280 –> 00:23:49,120
\nwhich we are witnesses to this
\nfact. <\/p>\n

383
\n00:23:49,480 –> 00:23:52,320
\nThat’s their role.
\nYou kill the author of life in <\/p>\n

384
\n00:23:52,320 –> 00:23:55,760
\nActs 3, but God raised him from
\nthe dead and we are witnesses. <\/p>\n

385
\n00:23:56,120 –> 00:23:59,040
\nThis is evidentiary
\ndocumentation. <\/p>\n

386
\n00:23:59,880 –> 00:24:01,920
\nPeter and John replied, judge
\nfor yourselves whether it’s <\/p>\n

387
\n00:24:01,920 –> 00:24:04,680
\nright to in God’s sight to obey
\nyou rather than God. <\/p>\n

388
\n00:24:04,840 –> 00:24:09,480
\nWe cannot help speaking about
\nwhat we have seen and heard. <\/p>\n

389
\n00:24:09,480 –> 00:24:13,560
\nWe are living, walking, talking
\nwitnesses, pieces of evidence, <\/p>\n

390
\n00:24:13,560 –> 00:24:15,440
\nif you like, to the reality of
\nwhat has happened. <\/p>\n

391
\n00:24:15,680 –> 00:24:18,920
\nWe are witnesses of these things
\nand so is the Holy Spirit. <\/p>\n

392
\n00:24:18,920 –> 00:24:22,160
\nWe are witnesses of everything
\nhe did in the country of the <\/p>\n

393
\n00:24:22,160 –> 00:24:24,800
\nJews in Jerusalem.
\nThey killed him by hanging him <\/p>\n

394
\n00:24:24,800 –> 00:24:27,000
\non a tree, but God raised him
\nfrom the dead on the third day <\/p>\n

395
\n00:24:27,400 –> 00:24:30,800
\nand caused him to be seen.
\nAnd we are the witnesses to <\/p>\n

396
\n00:24:30,800 –> 00:24:33,880
\nthat.
\nYou do not follow Peter says <\/p>\n

397
\n00:24:33,880 –> 00:24:35,960
\nthese really well known words to
\nus as Christadelphians. <\/p>\n

398
\n00:24:36,360 –> 00:24:39,520
\nWe did not follow cleverly
\ninvented stories as we told you <\/p>\n

399
\n00:24:39,520 –> 00:24:41,720
\nabout the power and coming of
\nour Lord Jesus Christ. <\/p>\n

400
\n00:24:41,720 –> 00:24:45,120
\nBut we were actually
\neyewitnesses to His Majesty. <\/p>\n

401
\n00:24:47,600 –> 00:24:50,400
\nJohn records one of the soldiers
\npierced his side with a spear <\/p>\n

402
\n00:24:50,400 –> 00:24:52,880
\nand a flow of blood and water
\ncame from his side. <\/p>\n

403
\n00:24:53,800 –> 00:24:56,240
\nAnd the man who saw it has given
\ntestimony. <\/p>\n

404
\n00:24:56,240 –> 00:24:59,560
\nThat’s another word for, for,
\nfor witness, for evidence. <\/p>\n

405
\n00:25:00,280 –> 00:25:03,480
\nAnd his evidence is true.
\nHe saw it happen and he recorded<\/p>\n

406
\n00:25:03,480 –> 00:25:07,200
\nit in the Gospel of John.
\nBecause you have seen me, you <\/p>\n

407
\n00:25:07,200 –> 00:25:08,760
\nhave believed.
\nWe saw this quote already. <\/p>\n

408
\n00:25:08,760 –> 00:25:11,160
\nBlessed are those who have not
\nseen and yet believe. <\/p>\n

409
\n00:25:11,680 –> 00:25:13,960
\nThis is a beautiful 1, isn’t it?
\nFirst, John one says from the <\/p>\n

410
\n00:25:13,960 –> 00:25:18,480
\nbeginning of his ministry, right
\nright back up, even as he was <\/p>\n

411
\n00:25:18,480 –> 00:25:21,440
\nbaptized of John, etcetera.
\nWe have seen him with our own <\/p>\n

412
\n00:25:21,480 –> 00:25:23,240
\neyes.
\nWe, we are the eyewitnesses <\/p>\n

413
\n00:25:23,240 –> 00:25:25,640
\nhere.
\nWe’ve looked at him, our hands <\/p>\n

414
\n00:25:25,640 –> 00:25:27,840
\nhave touched him, we’ve felt
\nhim, we’ve interacted with him. <\/p>\n

415
\n00:25:28,040 –> 00:25:29,880
\nWe listened to him and heard his
\nvoice. <\/p>\n

416
\n00:25:30,480 –> 00:25:33,760
\nWe are witnesses.
\nSo the question remains for us <\/p>\n

417
\n00:25:33,760 –> 00:25:37,200
\nto think about is how reliable
\nis this witness? <\/p>\n

418
\n00:25:37,200 –> 00:25:40,160
\nHow reliable is their account of
\nwhat happened? <\/p>\n

419
\n00:25:41,520 –> 00:25:46,040
\nOne way that historians gauge
\nthe reliability of an eyewitness<\/p>\n

420
\n00:25:46,040 –> 00:25:49,560
\naccount is the proximity to the
\nevent itself, the time gap <\/p>\n

421
\n00:25:49,560 –> 00:25:54,320
\nbetween when the event happened
\nand when the recording took <\/p>\n

422
\n00:25:54,320 –> 00:25:56,760
\nplace.
\nSo we’re going to quickly think <\/p>\n

423
\n00:25:56,760 –> 00:25:58,840
\nabout that.
\nHow reliable is this eyewitness <\/p>\n

424
\n00:25:58,840 –> 00:26:02,480
\ntestimony?
\nHow close to the event can we go<\/p>\n

425
\n00:26:02,480 –> 00:26:07,760
\nback and dead reckon it?
\nBecause that isn’t that is a <\/p>\n

426
\n00:26:08,160 –> 00:26:14,000
\nmeasure of reliability.
\nWell, I want to look at the <\/p>\n

427
\n00:26:14,000 –> 00:26:16,560
\nsection of Scripture that Nat
\nread for us earlier on in First <\/p>\n

428
\n00:26:16,560 –> 00:26:20,680
\nCorinthians 15, and maybe we’ll
\nturn to 1st Corinthians 15 <\/p>\n

429
\n00:26:20,680 –> 00:26:23,920
\nbecause we’re going to come back
\nto that a little bit later on in<\/p>\n

430
\n00:26:23,920 –> 00:26:26,920
\nthat chapter.
\nWe’ve got this really <\/p>\n

431
\n00:26:26,920 –> 00:26:31,080
\ninteresting statement and I want
\nto make some comments about it. <\/p>\n

432
\n00:26:31,680 –> 00:26:34,560
\nAnd again, the evidence I’m
\ngoing to look at now is not <\/p>\n

433
\n00:26:34,560 –> 00:26:39,400
\ncontroversial.
\nThis is again consensus view of <\/p>\n

434
\n00:26:39,400 –> 00:26:42,760
\nscholars across the spectrum,
\natheist scholars, Jewish <\/p>\n

435
\n00:26:42,760 –> 00:26:45,160
\nscholars, Muslim scholars and
\nChristian scholars, <\/p>\n

436
\n00:26:45,160 –> 00:26:47,640
\nconservative, liberal right
\nacross the spectrum. <\/p>\n

437
\n00:26:47,640 –> 00:26:52,800
\nThis evidence this this
\ninformation is non controversial<\/p>\n

438
\n00:26:52,800 –> 00:26:54,760
\naccepted by by scholars across
\nthe board. <\/p>\n

439
\n00:26:55,920 –> 00:27:01,960
\nThese verses verses 3 to 8 are
\nconsidered to be by all scholars<\/p>\n

440
\n00:27:02,120 –> 00:27:05,920
\ninserted by Paul in this
\nparticular context but not <\/p>\n

441
\n00:27:05,920 –> 00:27:11,720
\noriginating with Paul.
\nPaul is recording here what what<\/p>\n

442
\n00:27:11,720 –> 00:27:14,240
\nis called an antiquity is a
\ncreed. <\/p>\n

443
\n00:27:14,480 –> 00:27:16,160
\nWe’ll talk a little bit about
\ncreeds in a minute. <\/p>\n

444
\n00:27:17,440 –> 00:27:21,160
\nPaul is inserting his whole
\nchapters on the reality of the <\/p>\n

445
\n00:27:21,160 –> 00:27:22,800
\nresurrection and the power of
\nthe resurrection. <\/p>\n

446
\n00:27:22,920 –> 00:27:27,840
\nAnd he starts off with this
\ncreed to sort of set the reality<\/p>\n

447
\n00:27:27,840 –> 00:27:30,200
\nof what he’s talking about and
\nset the evidence and the <\/p>\n

448
\n00:27:30,840 –> 00:27:32,360
\nauthority of what he’s talking
\nabout. <\/p>\n

449
\n00:27:33,280 –> 00:27:39,320
\nAnd he says, I delivered unto
\nyou first of all, that which I <\/p>\n

450
\n00:27:39,480 –> 00:27:41,440
\nreceived.
\nAnd we’re going to come back to <\/p>\n

451
\n00:27:41,440 –> 00:27:44,160
\nthose statements in a minute,
\nbut let’s see what he’s <\/p>\n

452
\n00:27:44,160 –> 00:27:46,880
\ndelivering unto the believers in
\nCorinth. <\/p>\n

453
\n00:27:47,800 –> 00:27:53,440
\nOne, Christ died for our sins
\naccording to the Scriptures. <\/p>\n

454
\n00:27:54,040 –> 00:27:59,240
\nWe touched on that a little bit
\nwith Isaiah 53 already, but you <\/p>\n

455
\n00:27:59,240 –> 00:28:01,440
\ncan you can explore that more in
\nyour own time. <\/p>\n

456
\n00:28:01,880 –> 00:28:07,480
\nHe died as a historical fact,
\nbut it is theologically linked <\/p>\n

457
\n00:28:07,480 –> 00:28:12,120
\nto his roles as predetermined by
\nthe foreknowledge of God for our<\/p>\n

458
\n00:28:12,120 –> 00:28:14,880
\nsins.
\nHe was buried. <\/p>\n

459
\n00:28:15,280 –> 00:28:19,440
\nIt’s a fact.
\nHe rose again on the third day, <\/p>\n

460
\n00:28:19,440 –> 00:28:25,160
\nagain according to the
\nScriptures, and then #4 he lists<\/p>\n

461
\n00:28:25,160 –> 00:28:27,520
\na number of eyewitnesses to this
\naccount. <\/p>\n

462
\n00:28:27,960 –> 00:28:32,000
\nHe was seen by by Cephas, who of
\ncourse is the apostle Peter. <\/p>\n

463
\n00:28:32,880 –> 00:28:35,520
\nHe was seen by another large
\ngroup about 500. <\/p>\n

464
\n00:28:35,880 –> 00:28:39,480
\nIt’s like a Bible school full of
\npeople who all saw him at one <\/p>\n

465
\n00:28:39,480 –> 00:28:42,840
\ntime.
\nAnd the majority of those people<\/p>\n

466
\n00:28:42,840 –> 00:28:47,520
\nare still alive as this epistle
\nwritten in the probably the mid <\/p>\n

467
\n00:28:47,520 –> 00:28:52,600
\n50s of the 1st century.
\nThose eyewitnesses who saw him <\/p>\n

468
\n00:28:53,040 –> 00:28:56,000
\nin that group appearance is
\nstill alive today. <\/p>\n

469
\n00:28:56,160 –> 00:28:58,800
\nMajority of them, some have,
\nsome have died as would be <\/p>\n

470
\n00:28:58,800 –> 00:29:01,840
\nnatural.
\nAfter that he was seen of James <\/p>\n

471
\n00:29:02,360 –> 00:29:05,760
\nand then all the apostles and
\nthen Paul says and last of all <\/p>\n

472
\n00:29:05,760 –> 00:29:08,600
\nhe this is a bit that Paul adds
\nhimself to this creed. <\/p>\n

473
\n00:29:09,240 –> 00:29:14,640
\nAfter that he was seen of me
\nalso as a as a later witness. <\/p>\n

474
\n00:29:15,160 –> 00:29:20,200
\nNow the scholars, as I said,
\nacross the board, this is not <\/p>\n

475
\n00:29:20,200 –> 00:29:25,800
\njust scholars that believe in
\nJesus, you know, critical <\/p>\n

476
\n00:29:25,800 –> 00:29:29,560
\nscholars believe this is a creed
\nthat’s been inserted by the <\/p>\n

477
\n00:29:29,560 –> 00:29:31,000
\nApostle Paul.
\nWhat what’s a creed? <\/p>\n

478
\n00:29:31,440 –> 00:29:34,080
\nWell, creeds are from the Latin
\nturn. <\/p>\n

479
\n00:29:34,080 –> 00:29:36,840
\nThat means I believe.
\nSo it’s, it’s a list of beliefs <\/p>\n

480
\n00:29:37,600 –> 00:29:41,800
\nand, and it’s was a, a teaching
\nmechanism, particularly in a, in<\/p>\n

481
\n00:29:41,800 –> 00:29:44,640
\na, in an oral culture where
\nthere was not remember that they<\/p>\n

482
\n00:29:44,640 –> 00:29:48,200
\ndidn’t have magazines or books
\nor printing press or anything. <\/p>\n

483
\n00:29:48,200 –> 00:29:51,880
\nSo writing and, and, and owning
\nor having access to written <\/p>\n

484
\n00:29:51,880 –> 00:29:54,360
\nmaterial was only for the very
\nelite in, in society. <\/p>\n

485
\n00:29:54,360 –> 00:29:58,480
\nThe average person didn’t have
\ndocumentation and, and books <\/p>\n

486
\n00:29:58,480 –> 00:30:00,560
\nand, and, and, and scrolls and
\nthings like that. <\/p>\n

487
\n00:30:01,080 –> 00:30:04,920
\nSo a creed was used a bit like
\nthe instructor for those who <\/p>\n

488
\n00:30:04,920 –> 00:30:07,320
\nremember that from Sunday
\nschool, you would, you would <\/p>\n

489
\n00:30:07,320 –> 00:30:11,240
\nrecite and learn certain
\npassages and, and, and certain <\/p>\n

490
\n00:30:11,240 –> 00:30:13,040
\nstatements that reflect the
\ntruth. <\/p>\n

491
\n00:30:13,880 –> 00:30:18,800
\nAnd so this was a, this was a
\ncreed that had been passed down <\/p>\n

492
\n00:30:19,000 –> 00:30:23,080
\nto Paul and then Paul was now
\npassing that creed on to the <\/p>\n

493
\n00:30:23,080 –> 00:30:24,680
\npeople that he taught the truth
\nto. <\/p>\n

494
\n00:30:25,480 –> 00:30:27,720
\nSo why did they use creeds?
\nAnd I won’t go through these <\/p>\n

495
\n00:30:27,720 –> 00:30:31,800
\nreasons for creeds, but they
\nwere a powerful mechanism in <\/p>\n

496
\n00:30:31,800 –> 00:30:35,400
\nthose oral cultures where were
\nwritten documents and things <\/p>\n

497
\n00:30:35,400 –> 00:30:39,640
\nwere not, were not well accessed
\nand and where people were <\/p>\n

498
\n00:30:39,640 –> 00:30:41,600
\nlargely illiterate.
\nIn the Roman Empire, most people<\/p>\n

499
\n00:30:41,600 –> 00:30:44,520
\nwere illiterate anyway.
\nSo memorizing creeds was a way <\/p>\n

500
\n00:30:44,520 –> 00:30:46,760
\nof passing on information, not
\ncontroversial. <\/p>\n

501
\n00:30:46,760 –> 00:30:48,680
\nThis is not controversial.
\nThis is accepted. <\/p>\n

502
\n00:30:48,680 –> 00:30:51,560
\nThis is quite accepted.
\nSo let’s have a look at this <\/p>\n

503
\n00:30:51,560 –> 00:30:54,400
\npassage and just look at the the
\ncreedal nature of it. <\/p>\n

504
\n00:30:54,400 –> 00:30:56,280
\nWhat why scholars say it’s a
\ncreed. <\/p>\n

505
\n00:30:57,520 –> 00:31:00,240
\nFirst, the technical term.
\nThere I delivered. <\/p>\n

506
\n00:31:00,760 –> 00:31:05,880
\nSo Paul is using this technical,
\ntechnical term, which is used to<\/p>\n

507
\n00:31:05,880 –> 00:31:09,880
\ndescribe passing on a religious
\ntradition. <\/p>\n

508
\n00:31:11,000 –> 00:31:14,680
\nAnd then he says, I also
\nreceived, again, that’s <\/p>\n

509
\n00:31:14,680 –> 00:31:19,280
\nreceiving a religious tradition.
\nI received it from somebody and <\/p>\n

510
\n00:31:19,280 –> 00:31:23,480
\nwe’ll talk about who that was
\nand I passed it on. <\/p>\n

511
\n00:31:24,320 –> 00:31:26,600
\nAnd so Paul would have gone to a
\nnew city like Corinth. <\/p>\n

512
\n00:31:26,600 –> 00:31:29,520
\nHe would have preached, he used
\nto go to the synagogue first to <\/p>\n

513
\n00:31:29,520 –> 00:31:31,720
\nget the attention from the Jews.
\nHe would go to Mars Hill. <\/p>\n

514
\n00:31:31,720 –> 00:31:35,960
\nWe’d do whatever he took.
\nBut once he then had people <\/p>\n

515
\n00:31:35,960 –> 00:31:38,600
\ninterested, then he would have
\nto use other mechanisms to <\/p>\n

516
\n00:31:38,640 –> 00:31:41,080
\neducate them.
\nAs I said, they’re largely <\/p>\n

517
\n00:31:41,080 –> 00:31:44,520
\nilliterate, no access to books
\nand Bibles and things. <\/p>\n

518
\n00:31:45,280 –> 00:31:47,240
\nAnd so he would educate them
\nwith creeds. <\/p>\n

519
\n00:31:47,240 –> 00:31:48,920
\nThat’s, that’s exactly how it
\nwas done. <\/p>\n

520
\n00:31:49,520 –> 00:31:54,240
\nWe, we, we sort of because we
\nhave access to Bibles everywhere<\/p>\n

521
\n00:31:54,240 –> 00:31:55,520
\ntoday.
\nWe don’t, we don’t think of that<\/p>\n

522
\n00:31:55,520 –> 00:31:58,240
\ntoo much.
\nSo this is a creed delivered and<\/p>\n

523
\n00:31:58,240 –> 00:32:01,120
\nreceived.
\nThere’s a repetition of the word<\/p>\n

524
\n00:32:01,120 –> 00:32:03,880
\nthat it’s got this, that, that,
\nthat, that, that, which is where<\/p>\n

525
\n00:32:03,880 –> 00:32:07,920
\nthe the scholars say this is,
\nthis is like not Paul’s normal <\/p>\n

526
\n00:32:07,920 –> 00:32:10,320
\nflowing textual way of writing.
\nThis is a creed. <\/p>\n

527
\n00:32:10,600 –> 00:32:14,040
\nHe says that Christ died for his
\nsins and that he was buried and <\/p>\n

528
\n00:32:14,040 –> 00:32:16,240
\nthat he rose again and that he
\nwas seen by Cephas. <\/p>\n

529
\n00:32:16,480 –> 00:32:18,960
\nAfter that he was seen of 500.
\nAfter that he was seen of James <\/p>\n

530
\n00:32:18,960 –> 00:32:21,080
\nand the apostle got that, that,
\nthat, that, that, that, that. <\/p>\n

531
\n00:32:21,080 –> 00:32:24,000
\nSo that’s a, the structure is
\ncreedal, if that makes sense. <\/p>\n

532
\n00:32:24,760 –> 00:32:26,640
\nAnd it’s not a normal flowing
\npassage. <\/p>\n

533
\n00:32:28,240 –> 00:32:31,400
\nIt if, if you look at the
\ncontext in First Corinthians 15,<\/p>\n

534
\n00:32:31,400 –> 00:32:36,480
\nit drops out of his flow and
\nthen he then he inserts it in <\/p>\n

535
\n00:32:36,480 –> 00:32:39,760
\nthe flow and then he goes back
\nto his own, to his own wording <\/p>\n

536
\n00:32:39,760 –> 00:32:41,560
\nagain.
\nAnd you can see how that works. <\/p>\n

537
\n00:32:41,560 –> 00:32:45,120
\nSo you got the words before he’s
\nin Paul’s own voice. <\/p>\n

538
\n00:32:45,120 –> 00:32:48,200
\nHe’s talking about how he
\npreached the gospel to the <\/p>\n

539
\n00:32:48,200 –> 00:32:49,760
\npeople in Corinth in his own
\nvoice. <\/p>\n

540
\n00:32:49,960 –> 00:32:53,240
\nThen he moves out of his own
\nvoice into this sort of more <\/p>\n

541
\n00:32:53,240 –> 00:32:56,480
\nstructured and formal way as he
\nlists these points. <\/p>\n

542
\n00:32:56,720 –> 00:33:02,120
\nAnd then later on, he gives his
\npersonal connection to the facts<\/p>\n

543
\n00:33:02,120 –> 00:33:06,280
\non this creed that he too was a
\nwitness that came later on in <\/p>\n

544
\n00:33:06,280 –> 00:33:08,160
\nthe story.
\nSo this is again, not <\/p>\n

545
\n00:33:08,160 –> 00:33:10,240
\ncontroversial.
\nThis is this is very much <\/p>\n

546
\n00:33:10,240 –> 00:33:14,280
\naccepted across the board that
\nthis was Paul had inserted this <\/p>\n

547
\n00:33:14,280 –> 00:33:16,720
\nthis creed here.
\nAnd it’s the the scholarly <\/p>\n

548
\n00:33:16,720 –> 00:33:19,680
\nconsensus amongst New Testament
\nscholars. <\/p>\n

549
\n00:33:20,320 –> 00:33:23,040
\nIt’s also interesting to see
\nthat the the format of this <\/p>\n

550
\n00:33:23,040 –> 00:33:26,080
\ncreed, and I’m only going to
\ngive you 2 examples, but this <\/p>\n

551
\n00:33:26,080 –> 00:33:30,120
\nformat is followed in a lot of
\nthe presentations of the Gospel <\/p>\n

552
\n00:33:30,360 –> 00:33:33,840
\nand particularly the
\nresurrection account across the <\/p>\n

553
\n00:33:33,840 –> 00:33:35,280
\nNew Testament.
\nIt follows this creed. <\/p>\n

554
\n00:33:35,280 –> 00:33:38,240
\nSo first creed this 15 says
\nChrist died for our sins. <\/p>\n

555
\n00:33:38,240 –> 00:33:41,040
\nHe was buried, He was raised
\nfrom the third day and then he <\/p>\n

556
\n00:33:41,040 –> 00:33:43,760
\nappeared to witnesses.
\nSo, so keep that four fold <\/p>\n

557
\n00:33:44,040 –> 00:33:48,200
\nstructure of the creed in mind.
\nActs 13 and Mark 15 are examples<\/p>\n

558
\n00:33:48,200 –> 00:33:50,640
\nthat follow this.
\nSo they found he was killed, <\/p>\n

559
\n00:33:50,640 –> 00:33:54,600
\nwhich corresponds to him dying.
\nHe was laid in a tomb, which <\/p>\n

560
\n00:33:54,640 –> 00:33:58,240
\ncorresponds to him being buried.
\nGod raised him from the dead and<\/p>\n

561
\n00:33:58,240 –> 00:34:01,360
\nthen he appears to witnesses so
\nthat that same structure follows<\/p>\n

562
\n00:34:01,360 –> 00:34:07,320
\ntrue Mark 15, another account of
\nthe of the resurrection starts <\/p>\n

563
\n00:34:07,320 –> 00:34:09,199
\nwith A and follows a similar
\nformat. <\/p>\n

564
\n00:34:09,520 –> 00:34:13,280
\nHe breathes his last or he dies.
\nHe’s laid in a tomb, he’s raised<\/p>\n

565
\n00:34:13,280 –> 00:34:15,560
\nand then he appears to his
\nfollowers again. <\/p>\n

566
\n00:34:15,560 –> 00:34:21,120
\nSo, so this is a, a standard way
\nof presenting the resurrection <\/p>\n

567
\n00:34:21,120 –> 00:34:23,719
\nof Jesus because it all hinges
\non the resurrection, doesn’t it?<\/p>\n

568
\n00:34:23,719 –> 00:34:27,639
\nIs, it is the, the fact of
\nhistory that changes everything.<\/p>\n

569
\n00:34:27,639 –> 00:34:30,159
\nIf there was no resurrection,
\nJesus would have just <\/p>\n

570
\n00:34:30,600 –> 00:34:32,880
\ndisappeared into history like,
\nlike everybody else. <\/p>\n

571
\n00:34:32,880 –> 00:34:36,159
\nAnd so when the apostles
\npresented the story of Jesus and<\/p>\n

572
\n00:34:36,159 –> 00:34:40,679
\nthe reality of Jesus and the
\nconsequence and, and the outcome<\/p>\n

573
\n00:34:40,679 –> 00:34:43,520
\nof what happened to Jesus, and
\nit’s the personal implications <\/p>\n

574
\n00:34:43,520 –> 00:34:46,840
\nfor us, this is how they
\npresented it, which is quite <\/p>\n

575
\n00:34:46,840 –> 00:34:50,040
\nprofound.
\nSo this creed, this is where it <\/p>\n

576
\n00:34:50,040 –> 00:34:55,920
\ngets interesting.
\nThis creed is called a pre <\/p>\n

577
\n00:34:56,239 –> 00:34:59,320
\nPauline creed.
\nWhat do you think is pre <\/p>\n

578
\n00:34:59,320 –> 00:35:01,600
\nPauline?
\nIs it talking about Pauline <\/p>\n

579
\n00:35:01,600 –> 00:35:04,640
\nStone?
\nNo, sorry, sorry, Pauline, I had<\/p>\n

580
\n00:35:04,640 –> 00:35:08,920
\nto pick on you.
\nIt’s pre Pauline because it <\/p>\n

581
\n00:35:09,520 –> 00:35:14,960
\npredates, it predates the
\nconversion of Paul to Christ. <\/p>\n

582
\n00:35:16,160 –> 00:35:18,240
\nThat’s why it’s so profound.
\nRemember, we’re trying to say <\/p>\n

583
\n00:35:18,240 –> 00:35:21,560
\nhow reliable are these accounts?
\nHow much gap is there? <\/p>\n

584
\n00:35:21,560 –> 00:35:24,840
\nHow much time is there before
\nthe, the gospel records are <\/p>\n

585
\n00:35:24,840 –> 00:35:27,640
\nwritten and, and look in, in all
\nhonesty, there’s a lot of <\/p>\n

586
\n00:35:27,640 –> 00:35:30,800
\ncontroversy about the dates of
\nthe Gospels and they range from,<\/p>\n

587
\n00:35:31,200 –> 00:35:33,640
\nyou know, written in the 50s
\nright through to the 90s. <\/p>\n

588
\n00:35:33,640 –> 00:35:35,840
\nThere’s, there’s, there’s dates
\nabout when the gospel records <\/p>\n

589
\n00:35:35,840 –> 00:35:38,640
\nwere written and that’s a,
\nthat’s an area of controversy. <\/p>\n

590
\n00:35:39,720 –> 00:35:43,040
\nSo we’re saying, well, how close
\nto the actual event do we have? <\/p>\n

591
\n00:35:43,040 –> 00:35:46,480
\nWell, these these creeds and the
\ncreed here in first Corinthians <\/p>\n

592
\n00:35:46,480 –> 00:35:50,000
\n15 is pre Pauline.
\nThis creed was in circulation <\/p>\n

593
\n00:35:50,000 –> 00:35:53,920
\nbefore Paul was even converted.
\nNow we’re going to quickly, <\/p>\n

594
\n00:35:53,960 –> 00:35:56,280
\nquickly turn to the book of
\nGalatians with the Galatians 1 <\/p>\n

595
\n00:35:56,280 –> 00:35:58,600
\nand I want to make a few
\ncomments. <\/p>\n

596
\n00:35:58,840 –> 00:36:01,600
\nI’ve tried not that I really
\ncare about what scholars say. <\/p>\n

597
\n00:36:01,600 –> 00:36:04,040
\nThat’s not I care about what God
\nsays. <\/p>\n

598
\n00:36:04,040 –> 00:36:07,600
\nI’m not that I’m not really
\nfocused on what scholars might <\/p>\n

599
\n00:36:07,600 –> 00:36:11,960
\nsay about things, but I’m using,
\nI’m trying to use the minimal <\/p>\n

600
\n00:36:11,960 –> 00:36:15,280
\nfacts type of argument in a
\nsense to, to say what is agreed <\/p>\n

601
\n00:36:15,280 –> 00:36:17,680
\nupon, what is non controversial,
\nwhat can we know? <\/p>\n

602
\n00:36:17,920 –> 00:36:19,840
\nAnd that is agreed upon across
\nthe board. <\/p>\n

603
\n00:36:19,840 –> 00:36:27,640
\nAnd Galatians as a book is, is
\nextremely accepted right across <\/p>\n

604
\n00:36:27,640 –> 00:36:30,560
\nthe, the, the spectrum of
\nscholarship as a genuine book <\/p>\n

605
\n00:36:30,840 –> 00:36:34,640
\nwritten by Paul, written when it
\nclaims to be written probably in<\/p>\n

606
\n00:36:34,640 –> 00:36:38,840
\nthe in the 50s.
\nAnd I’m preserved intact for us <\/p>\n

607
\n00:36:38,840 –> 00:36:40,400
\ntoday.
\nThat’s, that’s a, that’s not <\/p>\n

608
\n00:36:40,400 –> 00:36:42,480
\ncontroversial either.
\nAnd that’s accepted by all <\/p>\n

609
\n00:36:42,480 –> 00:36:45,600
\nscholars across the the board.
\nNot all Paul’s letters are <\/p>\n

610
\n00:36:45,600 –> 00:36:49,840
\naccepted by critical scholars in
\nthat way, but Galatians is one <\/p>\n

611
\n00:36:49,840 –> 00:36:52,080
\nof the seven that, that are
\nabsolutely intact. <\/p>\n

612
\n00:36:52,080 –> 00:36:53,840
\nAnd this is what you don’t hear
\non the ABC. <\/p>\n

613
\n00:36:53,840 –> 00:36:57,160
\nThis is what you don’t hear in
\nour culture, in our education <\/p>\n

614
\n00:36:57,160 –> 00:37:02,560
\nsystem, that these books of the
\nBible are absolutely verified <\/p>\n

615
\n00:37:02,560 –> 00:37:04,360
\nand, and accepted in, in
\nhistory. <\/p>\n

616
\n00:37:04,840 –> 00:37:08,600
\nSo all scholars accept this was
\nwritten by Paul, genuine letter <\/p>\n

617
\n00:37:08,600 –> 00:37:12,240
\nwritten by Paul written when it
\nclaims to be written and it was <\/p>\n

618
\n00:37:12,240 –> 00:37:14,920
\nbeing transmitted.
\nWe have pretty good ancient <\/p>\n

619
\n00:37:14,920 –> 00:37:17,600
\ntexts for those who are
\ninterested in Texas P46 if <\/p>\n

620
\n00:37:17,600 –> 00:37:18,800
\nyou’re interested in these
\nparts. <\/p>\n

621
\n00:37:18,960 –> 00:37:21,880
\nAncient parchments has got big
\nslabs of Galatians in it. <\/p>\n

622
\n00:37:22,400 –> 00:37:26,040
\nSo we we we are really confident
\nthat the transmission of of <\/p>\n

623
\n00:37:26,040 –> 00:37:29,680
\nGalatians is is quite is quite
\naccurate and quite profound. <\/p>\n

624
\n00:37:30,840 –> 00:37:36,280
\nSo let’s go to Galatians.
\nOne Paul is expressing here. <\/p>\n

625
\n00:37:36,280 –> 00:37:39,960
\nHe’s he’s he’s under criticism
\nand he’s and he’s been resisted <\/p>\n

626
\n00:37:39,960 –> 00:37:44,000
\nby certain people in in Galatia
\nand he’s responding to that <\/p>\n

627
\n00:37:44,000 –> 00:37:46,600
\ncriticism.
\nAnd one of the criticisms that <\/p>\n

628
\n00:37:46,600 –> 00:37:48,320
\nhe has is that he’s not a real
\napostle. <\/p>\n

629
\n00:37:48,320 –> 00:37:52,920
\nHe’s just a Johnny come lately.
\nAnd he makes an argument against<\/p>\n

630
\n00:37:52,920 –> 00:37:58,080
\nthat and he says, I actually
\nreceived the gospel direct from <\/p>\n

631
\n00:37:58,120 –> 00:38:01,680
\nJesus.
\nAnd he sort of shows in that it <\/p>\n

632
\n00:38:02,040 –> 00:38:05,160
\nwasn’t that he’s a Johnny come
\nlately and he’s just tagging on <\/p>\n

633
\n00:38:05,160 –> 00:38:08,120
\nthe end of what the other
\neyewitnesses have said. <\/p>\n

634
\n00:38:08,400 –> 00:38:09,920
\nHe directly interacted with
\nJesus. <\/p>\n

635
\n00:38:09,920 –> 00:38:14,640
\nSo after his conversion, if you
\nhave a look at verse 11, the <\/p>\n

636
\n00:38:14,640 –> 00:38:18,320
\ngospel, so the gospel, the
\ndoctrinal gospel, the, the, the <\/p>\n

637
\n00:38:18,320 –> 00:38:20,760
\nfacts of the gospel, he says, I
\ndidn’t get that from anyone <\/p>\n

638
\n00:38:20,760 –> 00:38:22,840
\nelse.
\nI got that direct from the Lord.<\/p>\n

639
\n00:38:23,040 –> 00:38:26,680
\nSo it was not according to man
\nverse 11, neither did I receive <\/p>\n

640
\n00:38:26,680 –> 00:38:31,160
\nit from man, but I was taught it
\nthrough revelation from Jesus <\/p>\n

641
\n00:38:31,160 –> 00:38:34,440
\nhimself and in in a in a place
\nthat the scriptures called <\/p>\n

642
\n00:38:34,440 –> 00:38:39,720
\nArabia Arabia may well be and I
\ndon’t have absolute proof, but <\/p>\n

643
\n00:38:39,720 –> 00:38:42,320
\nprobably Sinai that would that
\nwould make sense to me if if <\/p>\n

644
\n00:38:42,320 –> 00:38:46,480
\nthat if that was the case.
\nSo he goes, I received it direct<\/p>\n

645
\n00:38:46,480 –> 00:38:49,680
\nfrom God in a vision, the gospel
\nmessage, the the gospel, the <\/p>\n

646
\n00:38:49,680 –> 00:38:52,560
\natonement, justification by
\nfaith, all these beautiful <\/p>\n

647
\n00:38:52,560 –> 00:38:55,880
\nconcepts, I got them direct from
\nGod, direct from Christ, rather <\/p>\n

648
\n00:38:56,320 –> 00:39:00,520
\nby vision, by direct, sorry,
\ndirect revelation. <\/p>\n

649
\n00:39:01,560 –> 00:39:05,720
\nVerse 16, he says, I didn’t even
\nconfer with flesh and blood <\/p>\n

650
\n00:39:05,720 –> 00:39:09,760
\nabout these doctrinal things.
\nI was not taught them by humans.<\/p>\n

651
\n00:39:09,760 –> 00:39:12,840
\nI got them direct from God.
\nHe said I didn’t even go up to <\/p>\n

652
\n00:39:12,840 –> 00:39:15,040
\nJerusalem after my after
\nDamascus. <\/p>\n

653
\n00:39:15,040 –> 00:39:18,960
\nHe said I went to Arabia and
\nthen later on back to Damascus. <\/p>\n

654
\n00:39:18,960 –> 00:39:22,840
\nSo that that is the gospel.
\nOK, the core that is the gospel.<\/p>\n

655
\n00:39:22,840 –> 00:39:25,480
\nIn fact, the the doctrines of
\nthe gospel. <\/p>\n

656
\n00:39:25,480 –> 00:39:30,960
\nPaul got direct from Christ.
\nHowever, however, go to verse <\/p>\n

657
\n00:39:30,960 –> 00:39:36,480
\n18.
\nAfter three years, I went up to <\/p>\n

658
\n00:39:36,480 –> 00:39:41,640
\nJerusalem to see Peter and I
\nspent two weeks with him, 15 <\/p>\n

659
\n00:39:41,640 –> 00:39:43,920
\ndays.
\nIt’s like a pretty good Bible <\/p>\n

660
\n00:39:43,920 –> 00:39:45,400
\nschool, isn’t it?
\nA two week Bible school with <\/p>\n

661
\n00:39:45,400 –> 00:39:46,640
\nPeter.
\nThat’d be awesome. <\/p>\n

662
\n00:39:47,600 –> 00:39:50,480
\nAnd the only other apostle I
\ninteracted with apart from Peter<\/p>\n

663
\n00:39:50,480 –> 00:39:54,760
\nhimself was sort of like the the
\nleader of the of the of the <\/p>\n

664
\n00:39:54,800 –> 00:39:58,640
\nJesus followers movement.
\nI met James, the Lord’s brother.<\/p>\n

665
\n00:39:58,840 –> 00:40:02,520
\nSo there’s two pillars in the
\ncommunity he spends time with <\/p>\n

666
\n00:40:03,680 –> 00:40:08,720
\nnow, He says.
\nThere, he says, ice, he says. <\/p>\n

667
\n00:40:09,400 –> 00:40:11,640
\nI went to Jerusalem to see
\nPeter. <\/p>\n

668
\n00:40:11,640 –> 00:40:15,480
\nYou’re you’re if you’re using
\nthe, the the the King James, the<\/p>\n

669
\n00:40:15,480 –> 00:40:19,600
\nnew King James, you have the
\nword CS EE to see Peter and <\/p>\n

670
\n00:40:19,600 –> 00:40:23,440
\nyou’ll think is that the word C
\nlike Optus, the optical word of <\/p>\n

671
\n00:40:23,440 –> 00:40:25,120
\njust seeing Peter.
\nI went to see Peter. <\/p>\n

672
\n00:40:25,560 –> 00:40:27,760
\nIt’s not it’s a really special
\nword. <\/p>\n

673
\n00:40:29,520 –> 00:40:32,120
\nThe NA TS got to get information
\nfrom Peter. <\/p>\n

674
\n00:40:32,680 –> 00:40:36,040
\nIt’s a word Historio.
\nWhat do you think? <\/p>\n

675
\n00:40:36,040 –> 00:40:38,520
\nWhat word do you think we get
\ntoday from Historio Anyone <\/p>\n

676
\n00:40:39,480 –> 00:40:41,320
\nhistory exactly.
\nIt’s cut. <\/p>\n

677
\n00:40:41,320 –> 00:40:42,800
\nThat’s where we get the word
\nhistory from. <\/p>\n

678
\n00:40:43,160 –> 00:40:45,680
\nSo he wasn’t there to see Peter
\njust to go how are you Peter and<\/p>\n

679
\n00:40:45,680 –> 00:40:48,160
\nhave a yak.
\nHe’s there to get data from <\/p>\n

680
\n00:40:48,160 –> 00:40:51,280
\nPeter, not about the gospel.
\nHe says I I knew the I knew the <\/p>\n

681
\n00:40:51,280 –> 00:40:55,040
\ngospel from I got it from Jesus.
\nI want to know the history. <\/p>\n

682
\n00:40:55,040 –> 00:40:58,840
\nI want to know all the details.
\nI want to know who saw him, how <\/p>\n

683
\n00:40:58,840 –> 00:41:02,160
\nhe was, how he appeared to
\npeople, what happened. <\/p>\n

684
\n00:41:02,160 –> 00:41:05,440
\nSo he’s getting the, the, the
\ninquiring with Peter and getting<\/p>\n

685
\n00:41:05,440 –> 00:41:07,120
\nall the, all the information
\nfrom Peter. <\/p>\n

686
\n00:41:08,400 –> 00:41:11,880
\nBut in Galatians 214 years
\nlater, he has another meeting. <\/p>\n

687
\n00:41:13,000 –> 00:41:15,320
\nAnd this meeting he makes it
\nvery clear. <\/p>\n

688
\n00:41:16,000 –> 00:41:18,400
\nHe meets here in the second
\nmeeting. <\/p>\n

689
\n00:41:20,680 –> 00:41:24,040
\nHe says in verse one, after 14
\nyears, I went up again to <\/p>\n

690
\n00:41:24,040 –> 00:41:25,920
\nJerusalem.
\nSo it’s a long, long time down <\/p>\n

691
\n00:41:25,920 –> 00:41:29,840
\nthe track.
\nHe meets and it says in verse 6,<\/p>\n

692
\n00:41:31,440 –> 00:41:34,560
\nno human at that meeting added
\nanything to my knowledge at that<\/p>\n

693
\n00:41:34,560 –> 00:41:37,120
\npoint because he’s making he’s,
\nhe’s showing that he’s a genuine<\/p>\n

694
\n00:41:37,120 –> 00:41:39,200
\napostle in his own right.
\nHe says, but On the contrary, <\/p>\n

695
\n00:41:39,200 –> 00:41:44,120
\nverse 7, I actually showed them
\nhow God was now directing me to <\/p>\n

696
\n00:41:44,120 –> 00:41:47,400
\ngo to the Gentiles.
\nAnd so they gave me the right <\/p>\n

697
\n00:41:47,400 –> 00:41:50,800
\nhand of fellowship.
\nBut it’s interesting to see in <\/p>\n

698
\n00:41:50,800 –> 00:41:54,360
\nverse 9 who was at that meeting.
\nHe said there was 3 at that <\/p>\n

699
\n00:41:54,360 –> 00:41:58,000
\nmeeting.
\nHe said I met with James, Cephas<\/p>\n

700
\n00:41:58,040 –> 00:42:01,320
\nand John.
\nNow that’d be an awesome <\/p>\n

701
\n00:42:01,320 –> 00:42:03,120
\nmeeting, wouldn’t it?
\nThat’d be a pretty good meeting <\/p>\n

702
\n00:42:03,120 –> 00:42:06,360
\nto go to between the four of
\nthem, including Paul. <\/p>\n

703
\n00:42:06,480 –> 00:42:10,160
\nThey wrote 21 books out of the
\n27 books in the New Testament. <\/p>\n

704
\n00:42:10,320 –> 00:42:12,440
\nSo that’s a, that’s a nice
\nlittle meeting of mines right <\/p>\n

705
\n00:42:12,440 –> 00:42:15,160
\nthere.
\nBut we do have to move on. <\/p>\n

706
\n00:42:15,160 –> 00:42:20,400
\nI’d love to talk more about
\nthat, but Paul has got the <\/p>\n

707
\n00:42:20,400 –> 00:42:26,240
\nhysteria, the historical data,
\nand the facts from from his <\/p>\n

708
\n00:42:26,240 –> 00:42:29,400
\nfirst meeting three years after.
\nSo let’s try and put all that <\/p>\n

709
\n00:42:29,400 –> 00:42:33,720
\ntogether in a bit of a timeline.
\nThe scholars date Christ’s death<\/p>\n

710
\n00:42:33,720 –> 00:42:36,600
\naround AD 30.
\nThat is a fact of history. <\/p>\n

711
\n00:42:37,840 –> 00:42:40,520
\nPaul’s conversion happens around
\nthree years later. <\/p>\n

712
\n00:42:40,520 –> 00:42:44,880
\nThat’s accepted again across the
\nboard by scholars, and that is a<\/p>\n

713
\n00:42:44,880 –> 00:42:48,840
\nfact of history that this man
\nsaw who changes his name to Paul<\/p>\n

714
\n00:42:49,120 –> 00:42:52,880
\nand upended his entire life and
\nbecame a follower of Jesus after<\/p>\n

715
\n00:42:52,880 –> 00:42:54,680
\nhaving persecuted the followers.
\nThat’s a fact. <\/p>\n

716
\n00:42:54,720 –> 00:42:59,320
\nThat’s accepted as a fact.
\nThen we have these pre Pauline <\/p>\n

717
\n00:42:59,320 –> 00:43:00,720
\ncreeds.
\nI showed you one of them in <\/p>\n

718
\n00:43:00,720 –> 00:43:02,640
\nFirst Corinthians 15.
\nThere are others as well we <\/p>\n

719
\n00:43:02,640 –> 00:43:04,920
\nhaven’t got time to look at.
\nBut these are creeds that get <\/p>\n

720
\n00:43:04,920 –> 00:43:09,960
\ninserted into the New Testament.
\nThese creeds had to have been <\/p>\n

721
\n00:43:09,960 –> 00:43:14,760
\nformulated very early because
\nthey’re in circulation within <\/p>\n

722
\n00:43:14,760 –> 00:43:18,760
\nthree before the conversion of
\nPaul, before Paul is even <\/p>\n

723
\n00:43:18,760 –> 00:43:20,160
\nconverted.
\nThat’s only three years. <\/p>\n

724
\n00:43:20,880 –> 00:43:24,880
\nSo some scholars say months.
\nThese are not Christian <\/p>\n

725
\n00:43:24,880 –> 00:43:26,760
\nscholars, by the way, not
\nChristian scholars at all. <\/p>\n

726
\n00:43:27,480 –> 00:43:30,280
\nThey say the, if you look at the
\nlogic and the evidence here, <\/p>\n

727
\n00:43:30,480 –> 00:43:33,760
\nthese creeds are in circulation
\nwithin months of the <\/p>\n

728
\n00:43:33,760 –> 00:43:36,680
\nresurrection.
\nThe early apostles are teaching <\/p>\n

729
\n00:43:36,680 –> 00:43:38,520
\nthese creeds to people straight
\naway. <\/p>\n

730
\n00:43:38,840 –> 00:43:41,320
\nSo they’re in circulation before
\nPaul’s conversion. <\/p>\n

731
\n00:43:42,000 –> 00:43:44,480
\nSo this is real history.
\nThis is not controversial. <\/p>\n

732
\n00:43:44,480 –> 00:43:49,720
\nIt’s not even, it’s not, there’s
\nno, no one, no one goes against <\/p>\n

733
\n00:43:49,720 –> 00:43:51,800
\nthis at all.
\nThis is this is absolute bedrock<\/p>\n

734
\n00:43:51,800 –> 00:43:55,040
\nhistory that we have these
\ncreeds, some of them recorded <\/p>\n

735
\n00:43:55,040 –> 00:43:58,520
\nfor us in the New Testament.
\nThey’re pre Pauline creeds that <\/p>\n

736
\n00:43:58,520 –> 00:44:00,680
\nexisted before Paul was even
\nconverted. <\/p>\n

737
\n00:44:01,800 –> 00:44:04,320
\nThen we’ve got Paul’s first
\nvisit, the three-year visit that<\/p>\n

738
\n00:44:04,320 –> 00:44:07,960
\nwe saw with with with with Peter
\nand James the first where he <\/p>\n

739
\n00:44:07,960 –> 00:44:11,200
\ngets the facts the the
\nhistorical facts about what <\/p>\n

740
\n00:44:11,200 –> 00:44:17,080
\nhappened and he gets those facts
\nabout 3536 AAD That’s why the <\/p>\n

741
\n00:44:17,080 –> 00:44:20,400
\nscholars say these creeds were
\nwell and truly in circulation <\/p>\n

742
\n00:44:20,400 –> 00:44:23,920
\nand accepted as in a sense
\nauthoritatively authoritative <\/p>\n

743
\n00:44:24,240 –> 00:44:27,840
\nbefore that three-year period.
\nThen in the book of Galatians, <\/p>\n

744
\n00:44:27,880 –> 00:44:31,320
\nPaul refers to this meeting and
\nthen in the First Corinthians, <\/p>\n

745
\n00:44:31,520 –> 00:44:35,960
\nwhich was written in the mid
\ncentury, he then quotes this pre<\/p>\n

746
\n00:44:35,960 –> 00:44:39,160
\nPauline creed that takes us back
\nto within months of the <\/p>\n

747
\n00:44:39,160 –> 00:44:42,600
\ncrucifixion of Christ.
\nAs I said, this is attested by <\/p>\n

748
\n00:44:43,200 –> 00:44:45,880
\nyou probably can’t read the
\nreferences there, but these are <\/p>\n

749
\n00:44:46,120 –> 00:44:49,680
\nscholars in this area who are
\nnot believers necessarily who <\/p>\n

750
\n00:44:49,680 –> 00:44:52,320
\nare testified to that.
\nSo I just want to show the <\/p>\n

751
\n00:44:52,320 –> 00:44:56,280
\nevidence is extremely, extremely
\nstrong that the eyewitness <\/p>\n

752
\n00:44:56,280 –> 00:45:01,080
\ntestimony that we have is
\nextremely close to the event <\/p>\n

753
\n00:45:01,080 –> 00:45:03,200
\nitself, which makes it hyper
\nreliable. <\/p>\n

754
\n00:45:03,200 –> 00:45:04,960
\nThis is really reliable
\ninformation. <\/p>\n

755
\n00:45:06,280 –> 00:45:09,520
\nAnother indicator of reliability
\nis something called the <\/p>\n

756
\n00:45:09,520 –> 00:45:12,080
\nembarrassment factor.
\nAnd this carries a lot of weight<\/p>\n

757
\n00:45:12,320 –> 00:45:15,000
\nwhen you, when you analyse
\nhistorical sources, because a <\/p>\n

758
\n00:45:15,000 –> 00:45:19,000
\nlot of historical sources are
\nwritten for publicity reasons. <\/p>\n

759
\n00:45:19,000 –> 00:45:21,280
\nThey might be written for
\npropaganda reasons. <\/p>\n

760
\n00:45:21,280 –> 00:45:22,880
\nThey might be groveling to the
\nking. <\/p>\n

761
\n00:45:22,880 –> 00:45:25,640
\nAnd so they create people in a
\ngood light because they’re <\/p>\n

762
\n00:45:25,840 –> 00:45:28,320
\nthey’re groveling to different
\nhistorical figures. <\/p>\n

763
\n00:45:29,000 –> 00:45:32,000
\nWhen you get embarrassment
\nfactors, which means the writer <\/p>\n

764
\n00:45:32,000 –> 00:45:35,680
\nis seen in a bad light, that
\ncarries a lot of weight in <\/p>\n

765
\n00:45:35,680 –> 00:45:38,920
\nassessing their reliability.
\nThe New Testament is full of <\/p>\n

766
\n00:45:38,920 –> 00:45:41,520
\nembarrassment factors.
\nI’ll quickly run through a few <\/p>\n

767
\n00:45:41,520 –> 00:45:44,640
\nwith you.
\nThe apostles are often presented<\/p>\n

768
\n00:45:44,640 –> 00:45:47,720
\nin the Gospels as dimwitted and
\nnot getting what Jesus is <\/p>\n

769
\n00:45:47,720 –> 00:45:51,000
\nsaying, failing to understand.
\nLike it shows them they’re the <\/p>\n

770
\n00:45:51,000 –> 00:45:53,920
\nleaders of the early Christian
\ncommunity and they present <\/p>\n

771
\n00:45:53,920 –> 00:45:59,400
\nthemselves in the Gospel records
\nas like create like, like not <\/p>\n

772
\n00:45:59,400 –> 00:46:01,880
\nthat bright in in some in some
\ninstances. <\/p>\n

773
\n00:46:01,920 –> 00:46:03,120
\nAnd you would know those
\nstories. <\/p>\n

774
\n00:46:03,120 –> 00:46:05,480
\nOf course, they also seem to be
\nuncaring. <\/p>\n

775
\n00:46:05,720 –> 00:46:07,840
\nThey fall asleep when Jesus
\nneeds them the most. <\/p>\n

776
\n00:46:07,840 –> 00:46:09,280
\nThese are these are embarrassing
\nthings. <\/p>\n

777
\n00:46:09,800 –> 00:46:11,680
\nIf this is a human document,
\nthey wouldn’t have put those <\/p>\n

778
\n00:46:11,680 –> 00:46:14,160
\nembarrassing things in there.
\nThey would have said I was <\/p>\n

779
\n00:46:14,160 –> 00:46:16,960
\nreally, you know, tight with
\nJesus and I was there when he <\/p>\n

780
\n00:46:16,960 –> 00:46:18,360
\nneeded me.
\nIt would it would be a totally <\/p>\n

781
\n00:46:18,360 –> 00:46:20,720
\ndifferent, different way of
\nrecording things. <\/p>\n

782
\n00:46:21,160 –> 00:46:24,120
\nThey’re rebuked by Jesus.
\nThey get told off by Jesus. <\/p>\n

783
\n00:46:25,120 –> 00:46:26,720
\nThey’re arguing about who’s
\ngoing to be the greatest and <\/p>\n

784
\n00:46:26,720 –> 00:46:28,880
\nJesus rebukes them.
\nThey show themselves to be <\/p>\n

785
\n00:46:28,880 –> 00:46:30,400
\ncowards and they run for their
\nlife. <\/p>\n

786
\n00:46:30,600 –> 00:46:33,560
\nIn the story.
\nThey doubt that the Lord has <\/p>\n

787
\n00:46:33,560 –> 00:46:35,320
\neven been resurrected from the
\ndead. <\/p>\n

788
\n00:46:35,320 –> 00:46:38,040
\nSo these embarrassment factors
\nadd a lot of credibility to the <\/p>\n

789
\n00:46:38,040 –> 00:46:40,200
\nstory.
\nBut there’s a big one, a huge <\/p>\n

790
\n00:46:40,200 –> 00:46:43,560
\none that is hard for scholars to
\nget past. <\/p>\n

791
\n00:46:44,920 –> 00:46:49,360
\nThe fact that females, that
\nwomen were the first witnesses <\/p>\n

792
\n00:46:49,360 –> 00:46:51,840
\nto the resurrection.
\nIf you’re putting together a <\/p>\n

793
\n00:46:51,840 –> 00:46:55,400
\nstory and you’re trying to
\nconvince the world of a story in<\/p>\n

794
\n00:46:55,400 –> 00:47:01,720
\nthis 1st century, you would
\nnever have used women anyway. <\/p>\n

795
\n00:47:01,720 –> 00:47:03,040
\nI’m not going to say I’m not
\ngoing to say anything. <\/p>\n

796
\n00:47:03,040 –> 00:47:05,400
\nI, I, it’s too late in the week
\nfor jokes. <\/p>\n

797
\n00:47:05,400 –> 00:47:06,760
\nI’ve got to I’ve got to get a
\nbit serious here. <\/p>\n

798
\n00:47:08,120 –> 00:47:09,480
\nNow I’ll just quickly give you
\nsome references. <\/p>\n

799
\n00:47:09,600 –> 00:47:14,000
\nHere’s one from Josephus.
\nHe says you’ll never even a <\/p>\n

800
\n00:47:14,000 –> 00:47:16,400
\ncourt in the 1st century would
\nnot even accept the woman’s <\/p>\n

801
\n00:47:16,400 –> 00:47:18,480
\ntestimony.
\nSo why would you concoct a story<\/p>\n

802
\n00:47:18,480 –> 00:47:21,320
\nand use a female as the, as the
\nkey witness to the, to the <\/p>\n

803
\n00:47:21,320 –> 00:47:24,040
\nevent?
\nAnd the rabbis had really <\/p>\n

804
\n00:47:24,040 –> 00:47:26,640
\nmisogynistic views of females
\nand they would, there was a <\/p>\n

805
\n00:47:26,640 –> 00:47:29,600
\nrabbinical prayer that says, I,
\nI thank you God that I’m not a <\/p>\n

806
\n00:47:29,600 –> 00:47:32,080
\ngentile or a female.
\nIt’s like, that’s pretty severe,<\/p>\n

807
\n00:47:32,080 –> 00:47:34,920
\nisn’t it?
\nSo, so this is the way the, this<\/p>\n

808
\n00:47:34,920 –> 00:47:37,040
\nis the ancient world, isn’t it?
\nThat’s, that’s changed. <\/p>\n

809
\n00:47:38,040 –> 00:47:40,120
\nAnd, and that’s how, that’s how
\npeople view things. <\/p>\n

810
\n00:47:40,120 –> 00:47:42,920
\nThat’s a massive embarrassment
\nfactor, a really massive <\/p>\n

811
\n00:47:42,920 –> 00:47:45,520
\nembarrassment factor.
\nThe last one I just want to <\/p>\n

812
\n00:47:45,520 –> 00:47:50,520
\npresent is that the eyewitnesses
\ndied for their testimony. <\/p>\n

813
\n00:47:51,760 –> 00:47:55,480
\nNow you might, you might respond
\nand push back and go, well, lots<\/p>\n

814
\n00:47:55,480 –> 00:47:59,520
\nof people die for, for a lie.
\nYou know, Islamic suicide <\/p>\n

815
\n00:47:59,520 –> 00:48:02,720
\nbombers believe they’re going to
\ngo to heaven, etcetera, and they<\/p>\n

816
\n00:48:02,720 –> 00:48:04,400
\nblow themselves up.
\nThey’re willing to die. <\/p>\n

817
\n00:48:05,360 –> 00:48:07,960
\nThere’s a big difference, a
\nmassive difference in logic <\/p>\n

818
\n00:48:07,960 –> 00:48:10,240
\nhere.
\nThose suicide bombers are <\/p>\n

819
\n00:48:10,240 –> 00:48:12,320
\ndeluded.
\nThey believe what they’ve been <\/p>\n

820
\n00:48:12,320 –> 00:48:15,240
\ntold.
\nThey believe that their, their, <\/p>\n

821
\n00:48:15,280 –> 00:48:17,680
\ntheir leaders have told them
\nthis, this story and they <\/p>\n

822
\n00:48:17,680 –> 00:48:19,120
\nbelieve it.
\nThey’re deluded. <\/p>\n

823
\n00:48:19,920 –> 00:48:22,600
\nIf the apostles had made-up this
\nstory. <\/p>\n

824
\n00:48:22,600 –> 00:48:24,320
\nThey didn’t.
\nThey weren’t deluded, were they?<\/p>\n

825
\n00:48:24,320 –> 00:48:26,560
\nThey made-up.
\nIf, if they made-up this story, <\/p>\n

826
\n00:48:26,560 –> 00:48:29,840
\nif it’s not reliable, why would
\nyou die? <\/p>\n

827
\n00:48:29,840 –> 00:48:32,800
\nAnd in some cases were tortured
\nand died. <\/p>\n

828
\n00:48:33,080 –> 00:48:36,760
\nTerrible death.
\nWhy would you die for something <\/p>\n

829
\n00:48:36,760 –> 00:48:39,320
\nyou knew was a lie?
\nIt’s different than the suicide <\/p>\n

830
\n00:48:39,320 –> 00:48:40,560
\nbomber.
\nIt’s a different logic. <\/p>\n

831
\n00:48:40,760 –> 00:48:42,800
\nIf if that makes sense.
\nSorry to rush this but I’m <\/p>\n

832
\n00:48:42,800 –> 00:48:44,520
\nrunning out of time.
\nBut does that make sense? <\/p>\n

833
\n00:48:44,520 –> 00:48:48,000
\nThis is these people died for a
\nlie that they knew was a lie. <\/p>\n

834
\n00:48:48,040 –> 00:48:50,080
\nThey knew they made the lie up.
\nIf it is a lie. <\/p>\n

835
\n00:48:50,560 –> 00:48:54,600
\nHopefully that makes sense.
\nWe have some pretty reasonable <\/p>\n

836
\n00:48:55,160 –> 00:48:57,840
\nhistorical information about
\nsome of the apostles, how they <\/p>\n

837
\n00:48:57,840 –> 00:49:00,800
\ndied and how they were tortured
\nfor their for their for what <\/p>\n

838
\n00:49:01,000 –> 00:49:03,440
\nthey believed.
\nAnd the others are more church <\/p>\n

839
\n00:49:04,760 –> 00:49:07,680
\nlike myths or, or tradition.
\nWe don’t know for sure, but <\/p>\n

840
\n00:49:07,880 –> 00:49:11,640
\nthere’s a there’s some of them
\nare quite historically accurate.<\/p>\n

841
\n00:49:12,560 –> 00:49:16,160
\nSo let’s finish up with the,
\nthe, this Ibe concept, this <\/p>\n

842
\n00:49:16,160 –> 00:49:17,920
\ninference to the best
\nexplanation. <\/p>\n

843
\n00:49:18,760 –> 00:49:21,600
\nWhen we, when we, when we look
\nat the best explanation to a <\/p>\n

844
\n00:49:21,600 –> 00:49:26,280
\nhistorical claim, we ask 4
\nquestions. 1 is what what <\/p>\n

845
\n00:49:26,600 –> 00:49:29,240
\nexplanation has the best scope?
\nThat means what, what <\/p>\n

846
\n00:49:29,240 –> 00:49:31,600
\nexplanation captures all the
\nrelevant facts. <\/p>\n

847
\n00:49:31,720 –> 00:49:33,520
\nSo we’ve identified a lot of the
\nfacts. <\/p>\n

848
\n00:49:33,920 –> 00:49:36,760
\nWhat explanation captures all
\nthose facts and puts them <\/p>\n

849
\n00:49:36,760 –> 00:49:39,680
\ntogether in a coherent way?
\nWhat explanation has the most <\/p>\n

850
\n00:49:39,680 –> 00:49:42,280
\nexplanatory power?
\nWhich means what’s the most <\/p>\n

851
\n00:49:42,280 –> 00:49:45,160
\nprobable what, which explanation
\nis most probable? <\/p>\n

852
\n00:49:45,760 –> 00:49:49,280
\nWhat’s, what has the most
\nplausibility, which means it’s <\/p>\n

853
\n00:49:49,280 –> 00:49:52,560
\nreasonable and persuasive.
\nAnd what is less contrived? <\/p>\n

854
\n00:49:52,560 –> 00:49:56,000
\nIt hasn’t got, you know,
\nspacemen coming into the story <\/p>\n

855
\n00:49:56,000 –> 00:49:57,240
\nor things like that.
\nSo it doesn’t have these <\/p>\n

856
\n00:49:57,240 –> 00:50:00,160
\nexternal things thrown in to the
\nstory to make it work. <\/p>\n

857
\n00:50:00,840 –> 00:50:04,480
\nSo when we apply that to Jesus,
\nI’m going to quickly finish to <\/p>\n

858
\n00:50:04,480 –> 00:50:08,000
\nthe resurrection.
\nThere are there are probably 3 <\/p>\n

859
\n00:50:08,000 –> 00:50:11,800
\nmain alternatives, what we call
\nnaturalistic alternatives that <\/p>\n

860
\n00:50:12,000 –> 00:50:13,960
\nthat atheists would would put
\nforward. <\/p>\n

861
\n00:50:14,360 –> 00:50:18,400
\nSome of these are a little bit
\nsort of not as not as well held <\/p>\n

862
\n00:50:18,400 –> 00:50:21,120
\nanymore, but I’ll put them up
\nthere anyway just for your just <\/p>\n

863
\n00:50:21,120 –> 00:50:23,040
\nfor your interest.
\nAnd I’ll show you which one is <\/p>\n

864
\n00:50:23,040 –> 00:50:26,520
\nthe, the one that atheist
\nscholars hold true today, <\/p>\n

865
\n00:50:26,840 –> 00:50:31,960
\nbelieve to be true today.
\nSo one is called the conspiracy <\/p>\n

866
\n00:50:31,960 –> 00:50:35,080
\ntheory that’s the apostle simply
\nwent to the grave, either paid <\/p>\n

867
\n00:50:35,080 –> 00:50:38,840
\noff the the guards if that was
\nthe story and they stole the <\/p>\n

868
\n00:50:38,840 –> 00:50:40,560
\nbody and then they made the
\nwhole thing up. <\/p>\n

869
\n00:50:42,240 –> 00:50:44,720
\nWhat sort of explanatory scope
\ndoes this story have? <\/p>\n

870
\n00:50:45,280 –> 00:50:47,280
\nWell, it’s sort of good.
\nIt does explain some of the <\/p>\n

871
\n00:50:47,280 –> 00:50:49,800
\nfacts does explain why there’s
\nan empty tomb because they just <\/p>\n

872
\n00:50:49,800 –> 00:50:51,720
\nwent and stole the body.
\nSo that does explain that. <\/p>\n

873
\n00:50:53,160 –> 00:50:55,960
\nIt does explain the appearances
\nto the apostles because it’s <\/p>\n

874
\n00:50:55,960 –> 00:50:57,520
\nthey’re just lies.
\nThey just made it up so it <\/p>\n

875
\n00:50:57,520 –> 00:51:01,880
\ndidn’t happen.
\nAnd and it does have some <\/p>\n

876
\n00:51:01,880 –> 00:51:05,400
\nexplanatory power.
\nIt does, though, fail on a <\/p>\n

877
\n00:51:05,400 –> 00:51:08,920
\nnumber of other pieces of data
\nthat do not gel with this this <\/p>\n

878
\n00:51:08,920 –> 00:51:11,080
\ntheory.
\nWhy would you have women as your<\/p>\n

879
\n00:51:11,080 –> 00:51:13,640
\nchief witnesses, as the first
\npeople to see Jesus alive? <\/p>\n

880
\n00:51:14,400 –> 00:51:18,080
\nAnd it’s also very simplistic
\nto, to and, and how does it <\/p>\n

881
\n00:51:18,080 –> 00:51:21,320
\nexplain the multiple appearances
\nof different people at different<\/p>\n

882
\n00:51:21,320 –> 00:51:23,240
\ntimes?
\nIt doesn’t really explain that. <\/p>\n

883
\n00:51:23,600 –> 00:51:26,120
\nHow does it explain the
\ncommitment of the apostles who <\/p>\n

884
\n00:51:26,120 –> 00:51:29,200
\nwould take this story into the
\nworld? <\/p>\n

885
\n00:51:30,400 –> 00:51:32,680
\nIt’s very complex.
\nSo that’s why it, it doesn’t <\/p>\n

886
\n00:51:33,080 –> 00:51:36,080
\npass the plausibility test.
\nConspiracies are very complex <\/p>\n

887
\n00:51:36,080 –> 00:51:37,760
\nthings.
\nIf you’ve got one apostle who <\/p>\n

888
\n00:51:37,760 –> 00:51:39,920
\ngets upset with one of the
\nothers for getting more <\/p>\n

889
\n00:51:40,600 –> 00:51:43,120
\nattention than him, all, all it
\ntakes is one of them to say, <\/p>\n

890
\n00:51:43,360 –> 00:51:46,160
\nhey, we made this all up and
\nwrite a document to say that and<\/p>\n

891
\n00:51:46,160 –> 00:51:48,320
\nthe whole thing’s over.
\nOK, it’s blown. <\/p>\n

892
\n00:51:48,320 –> 00:51:50,880
\nSo it, it, it isn’t plausible in
\nthat sense. <\/p>\n

893
\n00:51:51,720 –> 00:51:53,920
\nAnd the idea of a resurrected
\nJesus, which I haven’t got into <\/p>\n

894
\n00:51:53,920 –> 00:51:56,560
\nmuch this week, it, it was not
\nin the expectation of anyone. <\/p>\n

895
\n00:51:56,560 –> 00:51:59,480
\nNo one expected anyone to be
\nresurrected during the history <\/p>\n

896
\n00:51:59,480 –> 00:52:01,080
\nof the world.
\nThey all, everyone believes the <\/p>\n

897
\n00:52:01,080 –> 00:52:03,960
\nresurrection at the end of the
\nworld, not during the world. <\/p>\n

898
\n00:52:03,960 –> 00:52:07,160
\nAnd it’s a bit contrived to
\nimagine that fishermen have come<\/p>\n

899
\n00:52:07,160 –> 00:52:11,240
\nup with this incredible story
\nthat not only is quite <\/p>\n

900
\n00:52:11,760 –> 00:52:15,120
\nconvincing in its own right, but
\nties in intimately with the Old <\/p>\n

901
\n00:52:15,120 –> 00:52:17,040
\nTestament prophecies and the Old
\nTestament types. <\/p>\n

902
\n00:52:17,040 –> 00:52:19,640
\nHow, how, how smart are these
\nfishermen who have done that in <\/p>\n

903
\n00:52:19,640 –> 00:52:22,000
\na, in a in a couple of days to
\nput all this together. <\/p>\n

904
\n00:52:22,560 –> 00:52:27,680
\nIt just doesn’t seem right.
\nAnother theory, and used to be <\/p>\n

905
\n00:52:27,680 –> 00:52:29,520
\ncalled the swoon theory for
\nthose who are a bit older who <\/p>\n

906
\n00:52:29,520 –> 00:52:31,960
\nmight remember that or is the
\napparent death theory that Jesus<\/p>\n

907
\n00:52:31,960 –> 00:52:35,480
\ndidn’t really die on the cross,
\nhe just went into a coma and <\/p>\n

908
\n00:52:35,480 –> 00:52:37,680
\nthen they recovered and got him
\nback to life again. <\/p>\n

909
\n00:52:39,760 –> 00:52:42,280
\nIt explains the empty tomb
\nbecause he’s not really dead, <\/p>\n

910
\n00:52:43,040 –> 00:52:44,920
\nbut it doesn’t really explain
\nmuch else. <\/p>\n

911
\n00:52:44,920 –> 00:52:46,520
\nHow did he get out of a sealed
\ntomb? <\/p>\n

912
\n00:52:47,280 –> 00:52:48,880
\nHow did he get past the Roman
\nguards? <\/p>\n

913
\n00:52:48,880 –> 00:52:51,680
\nIt’s not very convincing there.
\nThe Romans don’t usually make <\/p>\n

914
\n00:52:51,680 –> 00:52:54,280
\nmistakes when they kill people.
\nRome was pretty good at a lot of<\/p>\n

915
\n00:52:54,280 –> 00:52:56,960
\nthings and one of them was how
\nto kill people and they would <\/p>\n

916
\n00:52:56,960 –> 00:52:59,840
\nnot have left him half dead or,
\nor whatever. <\/p>\n

917
\n00:53:00,480 –> 00:53:03,600
\nJosephus has examples of people
\ntaken from a cross where he saw <\/p>\n

918
\n00:53:03,640 –> 00:53:05,440
\nfriends that run across and he
\nwas able to convince the <\/p>\n

919
\n00:53:05,440 –> 00:53:07,720
\ncommander to get them down.
\nThey didn’t survive. <\/p>\n

920
\n00:53:07,720 –> 00:53:09,320
\nThey didn’t.
\nAfter you’ve been nailed up to a<\/p>\n

921
\n00:53:09,320 –> 00:53:10,760
\ncross, you don’t, you don’t
\nsurvive. <\/p>\n

922
\n00:53:11,920 –> 00:53:15,200
\nAnd again, it’s got this
\nconspiracy element to it, which <\/p>\n

923
\n00:53:15,200 –> 00:53:17,880
\ncould have been blown very
\neasily very early in the piece. <\/p>\n

924
\n00:53:18,800 –> 00:53:23,320
\nThe last one here is what’s
\ncalled the hallucination theory <\/p>\n

925
\n00:53:23,320 –> 00:53:27,200
\nor or emotional experience is
\nanother way it’s put this <\/p>\n

926
\n00:53:27,760 –> 00:53:29,800
\nbrothers and sisters and young
\npeople, this is it. <\/p>\n

927
\n00:53:30,800 –> 00:53:37,160
\nThis is what the intelligence,
\nsmart, educated, accredited, non<\/p>\n

928
\n00:53:37,160 –> 00:53:41,560
\nbelieving historians and
\nscholars believe is the answer. <\/p>\n

929
\n00:53:41,960 –> 00:53:43,320
\nNow this is it.
\nThere’s nothing better than <\/p>\n

930
\n00:53:43,320 –> 00:53:45,480
\nthis.
\nYou’ve seen the facts, you’ve <\/p>\n

931
\n00:53:45,480 –> 00:53:47,080
\nseen the evidence, the
\neyewitness evidence. <\/p>\n

932
\n00:53:47,440 –> 00:53:52,360
\nThis is the alternative, the
\nnaturalistic alternative that <\/p>\n

933
\n00:53:52,360 –> 00:53:58,880
\nall these people, the apostles
\n500 at one time, Cephas, the 12 <\/p>\n

934
\n00:53:58,880 –> 00:54:02,480
\nThomas, they all had a
\nhallucination and they use this <\/p>\n

935
\n00:54:02,480 –> 00:54:05,960
\nevidence that, you know, one in
\neight Americans claim to have <\/p>\n

936
\n00:54:05,960 –> 00:54:08,000
\nseen their grandmother or
\ngrandpa after they’ve died or <\/p>\n

937
\n00:54:08,000 –> 00:54:11,120
\nsomething like that.
\nThis is the, this is what this <\/p>\n

938
\n00:54:11,120 –> 00:54:14,960
\nis the because they’re so
\ncommitted to naturalism and to <\/p>\n

939
\n00:54:15,240 –> 00:54:17,680
\ndenial of miracles.
\nThis is the best, this is the <\/p>\n

940
\n00:54:17,680 –> 00:54:20,560
\nbest explanation of all those
\nhistorical facts. <\/p>\n

941
\n00:54:22,120 –> 00:54:24,960
\nDoesn’t explain the empty tomb.
\nNo, there’d still be a body in <\/p>\n

942
\n00:54:24,960 –> 00:54:27,480
\nthe empty tomb.
\nIt would be very easy to end <\/p>\n

943
\n00:54:27,480 –> 00:54:30,800
\nthis theory if people started
\nsaying he, he’s alive. <\/p>\n

944
\n00:54:30,800 –> 00:54:32,680
\nI go, well, actually, no,
\nthere’s a body in there. <\/p>\n

945
\n00:54:32,680 –> 00:54:36,240
\nSo it’s not very strong as far
\nas evidence goes. <\/p>\n

946
\n00:54:36,440 –> 00:54:38,800
\nAgain, doesn’t explain these
\nother embarrassment factors. <\/p>\n

947
\n00:54:38,800 –> 00:54:42,800
\nWhy are the why do we have women
\nput into the role of key <\/p>\n

948
\n00:54:42,800 –> 00:54:46,480
\nwitnesses here, which would be
\ncounter countercultural and the <\/p>\n

949
\n00:54:46,480 –> 00:54:48,520
\nRomans could have put an end to
\nit very quickly and just <\/p>\n

950
\n00:54:48,520 –> 00:54:49,600
\nproduced the body, couldn’t
\nthey? <\/p>\n

951
\n00:54:49,600 –> 00:54:52,400
\nAnd just stop the stop close the
\nwhole thing down. <\/p>\n

952
\n00:54:53,400 –> 00:54:56,040
\nDoes hallucination doesn’t
\nexplain the diversity of <\/p>\n

953
\n00:54:56,040 –> 00:54:58,480
\nappearances in different
\nlocations, different places. <\/p>\n

954
\n00:54:58,960 –> 00:55:02,120
\nAnd there’s no evidence that the
\napostles were particularly going<\/p>\n

955
\n00:55:02,120 –> 00:55:05,920
\nthrough a traumatic sort of
\npsychological state of mind as a<\/p>\n

956
\n00:55:05,920 –> 00:55:08,200
\nwhole, as a, as a group that,
\nthat doesn’t make sense. <\/p>\n

957
\n00:55:09,200 –> 00:55:12,080
\nWould every apostle have been
\nsusceptible to hallucination? <\/p>\n

958
\n00:55:12,080 –> 00:55:14,440
\nWould every single one have the
\nsame personality type that, <\/p>\n

959
\n00:55:14,800 –> 00:55:17,200
\nthat, that maybe is more
\nsusceptible? <\/p>\n

960
\n00:55:17,680 –> 00:55:20,160
\nHow come Jesus eats food?
\nHow come they touch him and <\/p>\n

961
\n00:55:20,160 –> 00:55:21,960
\ninteract with him?
\nThis, this hallucination theory <\/p>\n

962
\n00:55:21,960 –> 00:55:25,320
\ndoesn’t really hold water, but
\nit’s the best. <\/p>\n

963
\n00:55:25,400 –> 00:55:27,680
\nIt is the best.
\nIt’s held by really intelligent <\/p>\n

964
\n00:55:27,680 –> 00:55:31,240
\npeople who know the historical
\nfacts really well because it’s <\/p>\n

965
\n00:55:31,240 –> 00:55:33,760
\nthe only explanation that they
\nhave. <\/p>\n

966
\n00:55:33,760 –> 00:55:38,400
\nSo I’m going to finish up now.
\nI’m putting my cards on the <\/p>\n

967
\n00:55:38,400 –> 00:55:39,680
\ntable.
\nIf you’re wondering why the why,<\/p>\n

968
\n00:55:39,680 –> 00:55:45,800
\nthat’s there putting my cards on
\nthe table and I’m going to read <\/p>\n

969
\n00:55:45,800 –> 00:55:47,040
\nthis because I don’t trust
\nmyself. <\/p>\n

970
\n00:55:48,000 –> 00:55:50,480
\nI really, I don’t want to sound
\narrogant. <\/p>\n

971
\n00:55:50,480 –> 00:55:53,160
\nI don’t want to sound
\ntriumphant. <\/p>\n

972
\n00:55:53,240 –> 00:55:55,960
\nI want I’m just stating the
\nabsolute facts here, brothers <\/p>\n

973
\n00:55:55,960 –> 00:56:04,040
\nand sisters and young people.
\nThe most honest and rational <\/p>\n

974
\n00:56:04,040 –> 00:56:08,720
\nexplanation of these facts is
\nthat Jesus Christ was <\/p>\n

975
\n00:56:08,720 –> 00:56:11,600
\nresurrected.
\nHow else do you explain the <\/p>\n

976
\n00:56:11,600 –> 00:56:15,000
\nspread of Christianity, how the
\ninfluence it’s had on the world,<\/p>\n

977
\n00:56:15,240 –> 00:56:18,360
\nthe fulfillment of prophecy, the
\neyewitness reports, the <\/p>\n

978
\n00:56:18,360 –> 00:56:21,640
\ncloseness of the of the
\neyewitness testimony to the <\/p>\n

979
\n00:56:21,640 –> 00:56:22,960
\nevent?
\nHow else do you explain it? <\/p>\n

980
\n00:56:22,960 –> 00:56:25,640
\nThere’s no other real rational
\nexplanation. <\/p>\n

981
\n00:56:26,640 –> 00:56:32,600
\nAnd I just want to, I’m, I’m
\ngoing to read out some responses<\/p>\n

982
\n00:56:32,600 –> 00:56:36,560
\nand just, and I take no joy in
\nsaying this because the, some of<\/p>\n

983
\n00:56:36,560 –> 00:56:39,880
\nmy family, some of my, my loved
\nones have taken this approach. <\/p>\n

984
\n00:56:39,880 –> 00:56:43,320
\nSo I read these out with, with,
\nwith humility and meekness and <\/p>\n

985
\n00:56:43,320 –> 00:56:47,720
\nrespect.
\nYou might claim ignorance. <\/p>\n

986
\n00:56:47,720 –> 00:56:50,840
\nSo ignorance means I, I don’t
\nreally know about the facts and <\/p>\n

987
\n00:56:50,840 –> 00:56:52,760
\nI couldn’t really care less
\nabout them. <\/p>\n

988
\n00:56:52,760 –> 00:56:55,840
\nAnd I’m just not interested in
\nfollowing up or reading them. <\/p>\n

989
\n00:56:55,840 –> 00:56:59,200
\nI don’t know them.
\nI’m just ignorant to all this. <\/p>\n

990
\n00:57:00,480 –> 00:57:03,920
\nOr you would die in your sins.
\nThat’s a biblical term. <\/p>\n

991
\n00:57:04,120 –> 00:57:07,280
\nThat means you’ll die like the
\nanimals and you’ll stay dead <\/p>\n

992
\n00:57:07,280 –> 00:57:09,240
\nforever.
\nAnd you’ve made that choice and <\/p>\n

993
\n00:57:09,240 –> 00:57:16,000
\nthat is your your decision.
\nYou may reject the resurrection <\/p>\n

994
\n00:57:16,000 –> 00:57:18,080
\non philosophical grounds.
\nYou might say you’re a <\/p>\n

995
\n00:57:18,080 –> 00:57:20,720
\nmaterialist.
\nYou cannot accept miracles. <\/p>\n

996
\n00:57:20,720 –> 00:57:26,000
\nYou can’t accept that God would
\nintervene or there is a God that<\/p>\n

997
\n00:57:26,000 –> 00:57:28,800
\nwould intervene.
\nYou go with the hallucination <\/p>\n

998
\n00:57:28,800 –> 00:57:33,680
\ntheory despite its lack of
\ncoherence, because it’s the only<\/p>\n

999
\n00:57:33,960 –> 00:57:37,760
\nviable one that make that that
\nfit your your philosophy. <\/p>\n

1000
\n00:57:38,720 –> 00:57:42,480
\nYou too will die in your sins
\nand you will die forever. <\/p>\n

1001
\n00:57:42,480 –> 00:57:47,560
\nAnd you’ve made that decision.
\nYou might have just accepted the<\/p>\n

1002
\n00:57:47,560 –> 00:57:51,440
\nstatus quo.
\nYou have absorbed the worldview <\/p>\n

1003
\n00:57:51,440 –> 00:57:56,040
\nof our society, the worldview
\nthat’s brought into your mind by<\/p>\n

1004
\n00:57:56,560 –> 00:58:00,240
\nthe media, by our education
\nsystem, by our entertainers and <\/p>\n

1005
\n00:58:00,240 –> 00:58:03,280
\nour movies, etcetera.
\nYour favorite sports stars, <\/p>\n

1006
\n00:58:03,360 –> 00:58:07,080
\ndon’t you know, acknowledge
\nJesus, your favorite actors and <\/p>\n

1007
\n00:58:07,080 –> 00:58:10,000
\nmusicians.
\nAnd so you have absorbed that <\/p>\n

1008
\n00:58:10,720 –> 00:58:15,320
\nzeitgeist, that worldview and
\nyou not interested, you’ve just <\/p>\n

1009
\n00:58:15,320 –> 00:58:17,440
\nrejected it.
\nYour uni lecturer doesn’t seem <\/p>\n

1010
\n00:58:17,440 –> 00:58:19,400
\nto believe in Jesus.
\nThe people you see is <\/p>\n

1011
\n00:58:19,680 –> 00:58:23,520
\nintelligent in our world, the
\npeople producing documentaries <\/p>\n

1012
\n00:58:23,520 –> 00:58:26,240
\non television.
\nSo you’ve just accepted that <\/p>\n

1013
\n00:58:26,240 –> 00:58:29,840
\nworldview.
\nSadly, you will also die in your<\/p>\n

1014
\n00:58:29,840 –> 00:58:32,520
\nsins.
\nYou have, you have rejected the <\/p>\n

1015
\n00:58:32,520 –> 00:58:35,560
\nevidence that God’s presented.
\nAnd there are the consequences <\/p>\n

1016
\n00:58:35,560 –> 00:58:39,240
\nof that are eternal and sadly,
\nvery, very real. <\/p>\n

1017
\n00:58:42,000 –> 00:58:47,000
\nLet’s just finish up with what
\nthose who accept and believe the<\/p>\n

1018
\n00:58:47,000 –> 00:58:51,080
\ntestimony God has left on record
\ncan take from the resurrection. <\/p>\n

1019
\n00:58:52,320 –> 00:58:55,680
\nOne of these outcomes is
\nsomething called assurance. <\/p>\n

1020
\n00:58:56,160 –> 00:58:59,800
\nAnd Acts 17 is the greatest 1 of
\narguably one of the greatest <\/p>\n

1021
\n00:59:00,320 –> 00:59:04,080
\npreaching campaigns of all time
\nrecorded in Acts 17 by the <\/p>\n

1022
\n00:59:04,080 –> 00:59:07,600
\napostle Paul in Athens.
\nHe goes through talks about <\/p>\n

1023
\n00:59:07,600 –> 00:59:09,200
\nthese unknown God.
\nHe says this unknown God you <\/p>\n

1024
\n00:59:09,200 –> 00:59:11,880
\ndon’t even know created the
\nworld, the the, the heaven and <\/p>\n

1025
\n00:59:11,880 –> 00:59:14,560
\nthe earth and mankind and and
\nhe’s got a purpose with this <\/p>\n

1026
\n00:59:14,560 –> 00:59:15,720
\nearth.
\nHe’s going to bring this purpose<\/p>\n

1027
\n00:59:15,720 –> 00:59:18,440
\nto an appointed day.
\nAnd he gets to the last verse <\/p>\n

1028
\n00:59:19,120 –> 00:59:25,120
\nand he says all the things that
\nI’ve talked about and told you <\/p>\n

1029
\n00:59:25,520 –> 00:59:27,160
\nyou’ve never heard of before
\nbecause they’re Gentiles, <\/p>\n

1030
\n00:59:27,160 –> 00:59:29,320
\nthey’re Greek, Greek
\nphilosophers, etcetera. <\/p>\n

1031
\n00:59:30,440 –> 00:59:34,320
\nHere’s the evidence.
\nHe says the last verse of this <\/p>\n

1032
\n00:59:34,320 –> 00:59:38,280
\nspeech.
\nGod has given assurance of this.<\/p>\n

1033
\n00:59:38,280 –> 00:59:42,560
\nEverything I’ve talked about.
\nHe’s given assurance to all by <\/p>\n

1034
\n00:59:42,560 –> 00:59:45,280
\nraising this man Jesus from the
\ndead. <\/p>\n

1035
\n00:59:46,440 –> 00:59:49,280
\nSo the resurrection is your
\nassurance. <\/p>\n

1036
\n00:59:49,880 –> 00:59:52,160
\nIt’s your.
\nIt’s your guarantee that God has<\/p>\n

1037
\n00:59:52,160 –> 00:59:56,160
\nintervened in world history.
\nHe intervened in US, undeniably <\/p>\n

1038
\n00:59:56,160 –> 00:59:58,200
\nintervened in the creation of
\nour universe. <\/p>\n

1039
\n00:59:58,600 –> 01:00:01,840
\nBut we call that a singularity.
\nIt’s where physics and science <\/p>\n

1040
\n01:00:01,840 –> 01:00:05,040
\ncannot explain why there’s a
\nuniverse with its finely tuned <\/p>\n

1041
\n01:00:05,080 –> 01:00:08,960
\nproperties in existence.
\nHere is the second creation, the<\/p>\n

1042
\n01:00:08,960 –> 01:00:13,480
\nresurrection from the dead.
\nThat science cannot explain, <\/p>\n

1043
\n01:00:13,480 –> 01:00:15,560
\nphysics cannot explain.
\nIt’s the intervention of God, <\/p>\n

1044
\n01:00:15,560 –> 01:00:18,960
\nanother singularity that’s
\noccurred in in time and space in<\/p>\n

1045
\n01:00:18,960 –> 01:00:23,840
\nhistory where where the divine
\nhas has in a very profound way <\/p>\n

1046
\n01:00:24,120 –> 01:00:28,360
\nintervened in the in the world.
\nAnd we can take assurance from <\/p>\n

1047
\n01:00:28,360 –> 01:00:32,080
\nthis, brothers and sisters, we
\ncan be assured that God has a <\/p>\n

1048
\n01:00:32,080 –> 01:00:35,040
\npurpose.
\nWe can be assured that God <\/p>\n

1049
\n01:00:35,040 –> 01:00:37,240
\ncreated the world.
\nWe can be assured he has a plan <\/p>\n

1050
\n01:00:38,040 –> 01:00:41,440
\nin creating humans like you and
\nI, and we can be assured that he<\/p>\n

1051
\n01:00:41,440 –> 01:00:43,440
\nhas a plan for us as
\nindividuals. <\/p>\n

1052
\n01:00:44,400 –> 01:00:47,720
\nAnd we can be assured that we’ll
\nbe resurrected from the dead and<\/p>\n

1053
\n01:00:47,720 –> 01:00:50,320
\nthat our loved ones will also be
\nresurrected. <\/p>\n

1054
\n01:00:50,920 –> 01:00:54,240
\nSo let’s just finish up.
\nFirst Corinthians 15 goes on to <\/p>\n

1055
\n01:00:54,240 –> 01:00:57,600
\nsay you can approach the
\nresurrection in two ways. <\/p>\n

1056
\n01:00:59,080 –> 01:01:03,760
\nIf Christ is not risen, he says
\nyour faith is futile, it’s <\/p>\n

1057
\n01:01:03,760 –> 01:01:08,280
\nempty, it’s a waste of time if
\nChrist didn’t rise from the dead<\/p>\n

1058
\n01:01:08,600 –> 01:01:13,280
\nand you are still in your sins
\nand all your loved ones and <\/p>\n

1059
\n01:01:13,280 –> 01:01:16,640
\nthose who have fallen a sleep in
\nChrist, they’ve perished like <\/p>\n

1060
\n01:01:17,200 –> 01:01:21,480
\nthe perishable items of on a
\nfood aisle, which just perishes <\/p>\n

1061
\n01:01:21,480 –> 01:01:24,120
\nafter the years, but it’s
\nfinished forever and of no has <\/p>\n

1062
\n01:01:24,120 –> 01:01:26,440
\nno life.
\nAnd he says if that’s the <\/p>\n

1063
\n01:01:26,440 –> 01:01:28,800
\nreality, if there’s no
\nresurrection, if Christ did not <\/p>\n

1064
\n01:01:28,800 –> 01:01:33,280
\nraise you and I of all men just
\nwe’ve really wasted our lives, <\/p>\n

1065
\n01:01:33,280 –> 01:01:35,240
\nhaven’t we, coming to Bible
\nschool, reading the Bible. <\/p>\n

1066
\n01:01:35,240 –> 01:01:38,880
\nIt’s like it’s a so we’ve we the
\njoke’s on us really, really if <\/p>\n

1067
\n01:01:38,880 –> 01:01:43,040
\nChrist didn’t rise from the dead
\nand he contrasts that in verse <\/p>\n

1068
\n01:01:43,040 –> 01:01:52,040
\n20, he says, but but now the
\nreality is Christ has risen and <\/p>\n

1069
\n01:01:52,040 –> 01:01:56,640
\nhe calls him the firstfruits and
\nsays Even so all in Christ, <\/p>\n

1070
\n01:01:56,640 –> 01:01:59,880
\nthat’s you and I, we are in
\nChrist through faith and <\/p>\n

1071
\n01:01:59,880 –> 01:02:03,000
\naccepting the call of God, we
\nare in Christ. <\/p>\n

1072
\n01:02:03,360 –> 01:02:05,240
\nAll in Christ shall be made
\nalive. <\/p>\n

1073
\n01:02:05,240 –> 01:02:08,240
\nSo the resurrection of Jesus
\nisn’t just theory and <\/p>\n

1074
\n01:02:08,240 –> 01:02:13,240
\nintellectual and sort of a
\nmental thing. <\/p>\n

1075
\n01:02:13,480 –> 01:02:16,320
\nIt’s personal.
\nWe are recipients of the <\/p>\n

1076
\n01:02:16,320 –> 01:02:19,000
\nbenefits of that resurrection
\nbecause all in Christ will be <\/p>\n

1077
\n01:02:19,000 –> 01:02:22,440
\nmade alive.
\nAnd that new creation that <\/p>\n

1078
\n01:02:22,440 –> 01:02:25,880
\nhappened at that day when Jesus
\ncame out of that tomb, that new <\/p>\n

1079
\n01:02:25,880 –> 01:02:29,040
\ncreation, we are part of that
\nnew creation. <\/p>\n

1080
\n01:02:29,160 –> 01:02:32,200
\nIf any man is in Christ, he is
\nnew creation. <\/p>\n

1081
\n01:02:32,200 –> 01:02:35,800
\nWe’re part of that new creation.
\nAnd so we saw this runway, this <\/p>\n

1082
\n01:02:35,800 –> 01:02:39,200
\n2000 year runway, it has 2 ends
\nto it, the first coming, the <\/p>\n

1083
\n01:02:39,200 –> 01:02:42,480
\nsecond coming.
\nAnd 1st Corinthians 15 describes<\/p>\n

1084
\n01:02:42,480 –> 01:02:44,600
\nthe resurrection of Christ as
\nthe first fruits. <\/p>\n

1085
\n01:02:45,200 –> 01:02:48,560
\nHe is the first fruits raised,
\nnot just resurrected, others <\/p>\n

1086
\n01:02:48,560 –> 01:02:51,080
\nhave been resurrected, but
\nresurrected to eternal life. <\/p>\n

1087
\n01:02:51,760 –> 01:02:54,240
\nHe is the the first sheaf that
\nhas been resurrected. <\/p>\n

1088
\n01:02:54,240 –> 01:02:57,080
\nAnd he says, here’s the order,
\nChrist the first fruits <\/p>\n

1089
\n01:02:57,800 –> 01:03:00,360
\nafterwards the whole harvest at
\nhis coming. <\/p>\n

1090
\n01:03:01,000 –> 01:03:03,520
\nSo brothers and sisters, we can
\nhave absolute assurance and <\/p>\n

1091
\n01:03:03,520 –> 01:03:08,480
\nabsolute confidence that we will
\nbe part of that, that that that <\/p>\n

1092
\n01:03:08,480 –> 01:03:12,720
\nharvest that is soon to take
\nplace because of the work of God<\/p>\n

1093
\n01:03:12,720 –> 01:03:16,000
\nthrough Christ at the first
\nfruits, at the original <\/p>\n

1094
\n01:03:16,320 –> 01:03:17,840
\nresurrection and the new
\ncreation. <\/p>\n

1095
\n01:03:18,120 –> 01:03:33,400
\nThank you.
\nThank you for listening to the <\/p>\n

1096
\n01:03:33,400 –> 01:03:35,000
\ngood Chris Adelphian Talks
\npodcast. <\/p>\n

1097
\n01:03:35,800 –> 01:03:38,240
\nWe hope this talk helped you in
\nyour walk and brightened your <\/p>\n

1098
\n01:03:38,240 –> 01:03:40,640
\nday.
\nIf you would like to hear more, <\/p>\n

1099
\n01:03:40,640 –> 01:03:42,360
\nplease subscribe for new
\nepisodes. <\/p>\n

1100
\n01:03:42,760 –> 01:03:46,000
\nWe are on all major podcast
\nplatforms and also on YouTube. <\/p>\n

1101
\n01:03:47,120 –> 01:03:49,600
\nIf you enjoyed this particular
\ntalk, please share it with <\/p>\n

1102
\n01:03:49,600 –> 01:03:51,520
\nsomeone else who you think might
\nenjoy it too. <\/p>\n

1103
\n01:03:52,440 –> 01:03:55,160
\nFor show notes on the talk you
\njust listened to, visit <\/p>\n

1104
\n01:03:55,160 –> 01:03:59,000
\nourwebsite@goodchristadelphiantalks.com
\nor check out the Show Notes <\/p>\n

1105
\n01:03:59,000 –> 01:04:02,720
\nsection of your podcast player.
\nPlease share your thoughts on <\/p>\n

1106
\n01:04:02,720 –> 01:04:05,760
\nthe talk from this week on our
\nFacebook or Instagram pages <\/p>\n

1107
\n01:04:05,760 –> 01:04:08,680
\nwhere we are at Good
\nChristadelphian talks, or leave <\/p>\n

1108
\n01:04:08,680 –> 01:04:11,480
\na comment on our YouTube channel
\nwhere these talks are posted as <\/p>\n

1109
\n01:04:11,480 –> 01:04:13,200
\nwell.
\nIf you enjoy listening to the <\/p>\n

1110
\n01:04:13,200 –> 01:04:15,840
\ntalks that we post and hear one
\nthat you think we should share, <\/p>\n

1111
\n01:04:16,080 –> 01:04:18,840
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\nYou can send us a suggestion <\/p>\n

1112
\n01:04:19,000 –> 01:04:22,440
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\nwebsite or message us on any of <\/p>\n

1113
\n01:04:22,440 –> 01:04:25,160
\nour social media accounts.
\nThank you for listening. <\/p>\n

1114
\n01:04:25,400 –> 01:04:27,360
\nGod bless and talk to you next
\nweek.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This week’s talk is from a series by Brother Darren Tappouras titled “The Man Who Changed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/s\/6d15708\/podcast\/play\/122378028\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2026-6-4%2F13ccce2c-b061-2ba1-1b9c-703009dd7467.mp3","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"01:04:39","filesize":"44.39M","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":""},"tags":[],"series":[25],"class_list":["post-1498","podcast","type-podcast","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","series-gct"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t