Class 2 from this series was used in GCT Episode 272.<\/p>\n
2
\n00:00:04,480 –> 00:00:08,000
\nlooking at various aspects of
\nthe sciences, seeing the stamp <\/p>\n
3
\n00:00:08,000 –> 00:00:10,600
\nof our Creator.
\nWe we quoted Paul from Romans <\/p>\n
4
\n00:00:10,600 –> 00:00:14,760
\nchapter one when he said that
\nGod should be obvious to to <\/p>\n
5
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\neveryone simply when they look
\ninto His creation. <\/p>\n
6
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\nBy the observation of nature we
\nshould see the stamp of our <\/p>\n
7
\n00:00:22,400 –> 00:00:25,960
\nCreator.
\nAnd another another. <\/p>\n
8
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\nOne way to describe science is
\nto say it’s simply the <\/p>\n
9
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\nobservation of nature.
\nSo you could say that the <\/p>\n
10
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\nApostle Paul was saying that
\nwhen we look into the sciences <\/p>\n
11
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\nwe should see God there.
\nAnd in the last class we looked <\/p>\n
12
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\nat evidence powerful evidence, I
\nhope for the the resurrection of<\/p>\n
13
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\nJesus.
\nAnd now in this class we’re <\/p>\n
14
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\ngoing to we’re going to go back
\nto science. <\/p>\n
15
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\nWe’re going to look at math and
\nwe’re going to find God there <\/p>\n
16
\n00:00:49,240 –> 00:00:54,000
\ntoo.
\nI hope you’ll see with me and I <\/p>\n
17
\n00:00:54,000 –> 00:00:57,200
\nwanted to start with what I
\nthink is a really great quote <\/p>\n
18
\n00:00:57,200 –> 00:01:01,480
\nfrom one of my favorite
\nChristadelphian writers, Brother<\/p>\n
19
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\nIslip Collier and one of my
\nfavorite Christadelphian books, <\/p>\n
20
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\nConviction and Conduct.
\nAnd he says this the only <\/p>\n
21
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\npossible conception of God is as
\nthe uncreate the one great <\/p>\n
22
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\nreality, the first ’cause.
\nMy point of fact, we are all <\/p>\n
23
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\nbound to recognize the existence
\nof the first ’cause or force in <\/p>\n
24
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\nthe universe.
\nThere can be no quarrel between <\/p>\n
25
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\nphilosophers on this point.
\nSo he says no matter what your <\/p>\n
26
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\nworld view, you got to agree
\nthat it all started somewhere. <\/p>\n
27
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\nThere must have been a first
\n’cause. <\/p>\n
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\nWe say either there is a God or
\nthere is not. <\/p>\n
29
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\nAnd we only state the same truth
\nin a slightly different way when<\/p>\n
30
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\nwe say either the first ’cause
\nis an intelligent conscious <\/p>\n
31
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\nforce or it is a blind force.
\nIncontestably, the truth lies <\/p>\n
32
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\nwith one of these two
\npropositions, and what is true <\/p>\n
33
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\nnow always has been true and
\nwill remain so for all time. <\/p>\n
34
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\nSometimes there are more
\nalternatives than one, and the <\/p>\n
35
\n00:02:02,960 –> 00:02:06,000
\nnegative may be taken to imply
\none of several affirmatives. <\/p>\n
36
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\nThus the Bible is either
\nentirely true, entirely false, <\/p>\n
37
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\nor partly true and partly false.
\nEveryone who denies two of these<\/p>\n
38
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\npropositions must affirm the
\nthird. <\/p>\n
39
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\nWhen you think about that,
\nyou’ll realize the truth of that<\/p>\n
40
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\nstatement.
\nYou got to believe one of these <\/p>\n
41
\n00:02:19,920 –> 00:02:23,200
\nthree things.
\nEither the Bible’s all false, or<\/p>\n
42
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\nit’s all true, or some of it’s
\ntrue and some of it’s false. <\/p>\n
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\nAnd if you reject two of those
\nthings, then by default you have<\/p>\n
44
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\nto believe the 3rd.
\nSo he says, In view of the <\/p>\n
45
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\nimportance and prominence of the
\nBible, a man who is seeking <\/p>\n
46
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\ntruth will fairly face the
\nresponsibilities of affirmation <\/p>\n
47
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\nand at least determine for
\nhimself what is the most <\/p>\n
48
\n00:02:44,920 –> 00:02:49,320
\nreasonable conclusion with
\nregard to such an issue. <\/p>\n
49
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\nIn the first class, we started
\nout by saying that the one thing<\/p>\n
50
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\nthat Christians and atheists
\nthat Christadelphians and <\/p>\n
51
\n00:02:56,840 –> 00:03:00,200
\natheists have in common is this,
\nthat we both care an awful lot <\/p>\n
52
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\nabout truth.
\nThere are a lot of people that <\/p>\n
53
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\ndon’t fit into those categories,
\nagnostics who think that maybe <\/p>\n
54
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\nthere is no universal truth.
\nBut atheists reject that idea. <\/p>\n
55
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\nThey believe in an absolute
\ntruth, just like we do, but we <\/p>\n
56
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\ndiffer on what that truth might
\nbe. <\/p>\n
57
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\nAnd so now we’re going back into
\nthe sciences to have a look at <\/p>\n
58
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\nthat.
\nAnd we talked about science in <\/p>\n
59
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\nthe first class, and I’ll talk
\nabout it again now. <\/p>\n
60
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\nYou see, science began because
\nmen believed in a God. <\/p>\n
61
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\nThey expected that when they
\nlooked at the natural world, <\/p>\n
62
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\nthey would find law and order
\nbecause they believed in a law <\/p>\n
63
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\ngiver.
\nIf we had never believed in God,<\/p>\n
64
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\nthen science as we see it today
\nmay have never existed, because <\/p>\n
65
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\nwe expected we’d be able to make
\nsense of the world. <\/p>\n
66
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\nAnd Albert Einstein wrote in his
\nbook Physics and Reality, the <\/p>\n
67
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\nmost incomprehensible thing
\nabout the universe is that it is<\/p>\n
68
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\ncomprehensible now.
\nHe had a friend named Maurice <\/p>\n
69
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\nSolovine, and Maurice Sullivan
\nwrote him a letter and he said, <\/p>\n
70
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\nWhat did you mean when you said
\nthat? <\/p>\n
71
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\nAnd Albert Einstein wrote him
\nback, and this is what he said. <\/p>\n
72
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\nHe said, you find it strange
\nthat I consider the <\/p>\n
73
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\ncomprehensibility of the world
\nto the extent that we are <\/p>\n
74
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\nauthorized to speak of such a
\ncomprehensibility as a miracle <\/p>\n
75
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\nor an eternal mystery.
\nWell, a priori, which is a Latin<\/p>\n
76
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\nterm that means without prior
\nknowledge, if we didn’t have any<\/p>\n
77
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\nother evidence, one should
\nexpect a chaotic world which <\/p>\n
78
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\ncannot be grasped by the mind in
\nany way. <\/p>\n
79
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\nThe kind of order created by
\nNewton’s theory of gravitation, <\/p>\n
80
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\nfor example, is wholly
\ndifferent. <\/p>\n
81
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\nEven if a man proposes the
\naxioms of the theory, The <\/p>\n
82
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\nsuccess of such a project
\npresupposes a high degree of <\/p>\n
83
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\nordering of the objective world,
\nand this could not be expected <\/p>\n
84
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\nwithout prior knowledge.
\nThis is the miracle which is <\/p>\n
85
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\nconstantly reinforced as our
\nknowledge expands. <\/p>\n
86
\n00:05:06,880 –> 00:05:09,920
\nI imagine Richard Dawkins is a
\nlittle bit uncomfortable that <\/p>\n
87
\n00:05:09,920 –> 00:05:12,680
\nAlbert Einstein was throwing
\naround words like miracle and <\/p>\n
88
\n00:05:12,680 –> 00:05:16,400
\ntalking about the nature of the
\nuniverse, but do you see his <\/p>\n
89
\n00:05:16,400 –> 00:05:19,080
\npoint?
\nThe very fact that we can <\/p>\n
90
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\nactually comprehend the world,
\nthat we can make sense of it, <\/p>\n
91
\n00:05:21,840 –> 00:05:24,880
\nthat we can explain the
\nmechanics behind how it works, <\/p>\n
92
\n00:05:25,200 –> 00:05:27,880
\nseems impossible.
\nIt seems crazy. <\/p>\n
93
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\nIf in fact we got here by a
\nseries of chaotic random events,<\/p>\n
94
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\nhow are we here with minds
\ncapable of understanding things <\/p>\n
95
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\nthat are lawful and orderly?
\nAnd yet, as we look into every <\/p>\n
96
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\nAve. of the sciences, we’re able
\nto write it down on a page to <\/p>\n
97
\n00:05:43,160 –> 00:05:46,720
\nmake sense of it.
\nHow could that be the case if <\/p>\n
98
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\nthere was no God?
\nAnd interestingly enough around <\/p>\n
99
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\nthe world throughout human
\nhistory, we have discovered <\/p>\n
100
\n00:05:55,320 –> 00:05:58,840
\ncontinue to discover more and
\nmore every day and every year a <\/p>\n
101
\n00:05:58,840 –> 00:06:03,200
\nlanguage that was not created by
\nhumans, it was always in <\/p>\n
102
\n00:06:03,200 –> 00:06:05,160
\nexistence.
\nAnd it doesn’t matter what other<\/p>\n
103
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\nhuman language you speak, if
\nyou’re a mathematician, you <\/p>\n
104
\n00:06:07,760 –> 00:06:09,440
\nspeak the language of
\nmathematics. <\/p>\n
105
\n00:06:09,440 –> 00:06:13,760
\nNow this man’s name is Paul
\nDavies. <\/p>\n
106
\n00:06:14,480 –> 00:06:17,000
\nI’ll say something I said in the
\nfirst class, I’m not a <\/p>\n
107
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\nscientist.
\nAnd and I think that’s important<\/p>\n
108
\n00:06:19,840 –> 00:06:24,080
\nto to telling you and I’m not an
\nexpert in, in some of these <\/p>\n
109
\n00:06:24,080 –> 00:06:26,080
\nfields that we’re talking about
\nin the sciences. <\/p>\n
110
\n00:06:26,280 –> 00:06:29,360
\nAnd I think it’s important to
\nhave a look at at what people <\/p>\n
111
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\nwho are at the front of their
\nfields have to say about them. <\/p>\n
112
\n00:06:31,680 –> 00:06:34,400
\nBecause it’s easy for you and I
\nto say, oh, well, that makes <\/p>\n
113
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\nsense to us.
\nBut we’re there. <\/p>\n
114
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\nA lot of things we don’t know
\nabout the sciences do the people<\/p>\n
115
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\nwho are actually at the foremost
\nat the front of their fields, <\/p>\n
116
\n00:06:43,640 –> 00:06:45,400
\nare they saying the same kind of
\nthings? <\/p>\n
117
\n00:06:45,640 –> 00:06:48,080
\nThis is what I want to show you,
\nBut the people who are at the <\/p>\n
118
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\ncutting edge of what we know
\nabout the world around us really<\/p>\n
119
\n00:06:51,880 –> 00:06:53,840
\nare coming to some of these same
\nconclusions. <\/p>\n
120
\n00:06:54,400 –> 00:06:57,520
\nNow, this man is a physicist,
\nPaul Davies, and he’s written a <\/p>\n
121
\n00:06:57,520 –> 00:06:59,600
\nlot of books.
\nHe’s agnostic, but a lot of his <\/p>\n
122
\n00:06:59,600 –> 00:07:02,280
\nbooks have been quoted by
\nChristians quite often because <\/p>\n
123
\n00:07:02,280 –> 00:07:03,840
\nof the kind of things he says in
\nthem. <\/p>\n
124
\n00:07:04,480 –> 00:07:09,000
\nThings like this he wrote in his
\nbook The Mind of God in 1992. <\/p>\n
125
\n00:07:09,000 –> 00:07:12,640
\nJust because the sun has risen
\nevery day of your life, there is<\/p>\n
126
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\nno guarantee that it will rise
\ntomorrow. <\/p>\n
127
\n00:07:15,240 –> 00:07:18,240
\nThe belief that it will, that
\nthere are indeed dependable <\/p>\n
128
\n00:07:18,240 –> 00:07:22,160
\nregularities of nature, is an
\nact of faith, but one which is <\/p>\n
129
\n00:07:22,160 –> 00:07:25,440
\nindispensable to the progress of
\nscience. <\/p>\n
130
\n00:07:26,240 –> 00:07:29,440
\nSo here’s a point he’s making
\nthat that faith is just a much a<\/p>\n
131
\n00:07:29,440 –> 00:07:32,520
\npart, as much a part of science
\nas it is a part of religion. <\/p>\n
132
\n00:07:33,520 –> 00:07:38,080
\nScience is based on being able
\nto do a test, see it happen, see<\/p>\n
133
\n00:07:38,080 –> 00:07:42,080
\nit the outcome, look a certain
\nway, do it again, see the same <\/p>\n
134
\n00:07:42,080 –> 00:07:45,960
\nthing again and again and again
\nevery time we do it, until we’re<\/p>\n
135
\n00:07:45,960 –> 00:07:48,440
\nsatisfied that this is always
\ngoing to happen this way. <\/p>\n
136
\n00:07:48,640 –> 00:07:52,520
\nBut the reality is, you never
\nknow with 100% certainty that it<\/p>\n
137
\n00:07:52,520 –> 00:07:56,680
\nactually will until it happens.
\nJust like just because the sun <\/p>\n
138
\n00:07:56,680 –> 00:08:02,120
\nhas risen every single day of
\nyour life is not proof 100% that<\/p>\n
139
\n00:08:02,120 –> 00:08:04,200
\nit will rise tomorrow.
\nYou won’t know that. <\/p>\n
140
\n00:08:04,200 –> 00:08:05,800
\nSo you wake up in the morning
\nand see it. <\/p>\n
141
\n00:08:06,360 –> 00:08:09,160
\nAnd so it is with science.
\nYou have faith that because <\/p>\n
142
\n00:08:09,160 –> 00:08:11,480
\nsomething’s happened this way
\nevery other time, it will happen<\/p>\n
143
\n00:08:11,480 –> 00:08:14,000
\nagain.
\nSo faith, he says, is also an <\/p>\n
144
\n00:08:14,000 –> 00:08:21,640
\nimportant part of science.
\nNow, John Pokinghorn is very <\/p>\n
145
\n00:08:21,640 –> 00:08:28,760
\nwell known for being a physicist
\nwho put his scientific hat aside<\/p>\n
146
\n00:08:28,760 –> 00:08:33,640
\nand became an ordained priest.
\nAnd ever since then he’s been <\/p>\n
147
\n00:08:33,640 –> 00:08:35,080
\nhis.
\nHis role that he sort of made <\/p>\n
148
\n00:08:35,080 –> 00:08:37,640
\nfor himself has been sort of
\nlike an ambassador between <\/p>\n
149
\n00:08:37,640 –> 00:08:40,960
\nreligion and science.
\nAnd he wrote in his book Reason <\/p>\n
150
\n00:08:40,960 –> 00:08:44,240
\nand Reality.
\nHe said science does not explain<\/p>\n
151
\n00:08:44,240 –> 00:08:47,800
\nthe mathematical intelligibility
\nof the physical world, for it is<\/p>\n
152
\n00:08:47,800 –> 00:08:50,720
\npart of science’s founding faith
\nthat this is so. <\/p>\n
153
\n00:08:52,320 –> 00:08:56,000
\nEverywhere we look, in every
\nsingle Ave. of the sciences, we <\/p>\n
154
\n00:08:56,000 –> 00:08:59,680
\nuse math to decipher the things
\nthat we’re looking at. <\/p>\n
155
\n00:09:00,400 –> 00:09:03,160
\nHow could this be the case?
\nHow can this language be <\/p>\n
156
\n00:09:03,160 –> 00:09:04,960
\ngoverning everything that we
\nsee? <\/p>\n
157
\n00:09:05,240 –> 00:09:06,840
\nHe says.
\nWe can’t explain it, we don’t <\/p>\n
158
\n00:09:06,840 –> 00:09:08,680
\nknow why.
\nSo it’s part of the scientific <\/p>\n
159
\n00:09:08,680 –> 00:09:12,160
\nfaith that it’s just this way
\nand it always will be this way. <\/p>\n
160
\n00:09:16,000 –> 00:09:22,560
\nEugene Wigner won a Nobel Prize
\nin physics and and despite his <\/p>\n
161
\n00:09:22,600 –> 00:09:26,400
\nwork in this in the field of
\nphysics, his most famous thing <\/p>\n
162
\n00:09:26,400 –> 00:09:29,000
\nthat he published was a paper
\ncalled The Unreasonable <\/p>\n
163
\n00:09:29,000 –> 00:09:34,440
\nEffectiveness of Mathematics.
\nBack in 1960 he wrote The <\/p>\n
164
\n00:09:34,440 –> 00:09:36,920
\nenormous usefulness of
\nMathematics in the Natural <\/p>\n
165
\n00:09:36,920 –> 00:09:40,680
\nSciences is something bordering
\non the mysterious and there is <\/p>\n
166
\n00:09:40,680 –> 00:09:47,720
\nno rational explanation for it.
\nIt is an article of faith, Paul <\/p>\n
167
\n00:09:47,720 –> 00:09:50,760
\nDavies again, who recorded
\nbefore he says much of the <\/p>\n
168
\n00:09:50,760 –> 00:09:53,400
\nmathematics that is so
\nspectacularly effective in <\/p>\n
169
\n00:09:53,400 –> 00:09:56,960
\nphysical theory was worked out
\nas an abstract exercise by <\/p>\n
170
\n00:09:56,960 –> 00:10:00,840
\nmathematicians long before it
\nwas applied to the real world. <\/p>\n
171
\n00:10:01,000 –> 00:10:04,800
\nWhat he means by that is this.
\nThroughout the history of <\/p>\n
172
\n00:10:04,800 –> 00:10:09,200
\nmathematics, mathematicians have
\ndiscovered whole new avenues of <\/p>\n
173
\n00:10:09,200 –> 00:10:13,080
\nmath and new formulas that
\ncontinue to build on each other.<\/p>\n
174
\n00:10:13,760 –> 00:10:16,320
\nAnd they were all just they had
\nno purpose at that time. <\/p>\n
175
\n00:10:16,320 –> 00:10:20,240
\nIt was all just theory it.
\nAnd when they discovered it, it <\/p>\n
176
\n00:10:20,240 –> 00:10:23,440
\nwasn’t useful to them at all.
\nAnd time and time again, <\/p>\n
177
\n00:10:23,960 –> 00:10:27,360
\neventually somewhere down the
\nroad and one Ave. or another of <\/p>\n
178
\n00:10:27,360 –> 00:10:29,520
\nthe sciences, they realized
\nthese formulas that we <\/p>\n
179
\n00:10:29,520 –> 00:10:32,520
\ndiscovered a long time ago
\nactually are governing this <\/p>\n
180
\n00:10:32,520 –> 00:10:34,320
\naspect of the universe that we
\nlive in. <\/p>\n
181
\n00:10:34,840 –> 00:10:36,720
\nAnd they had no idea they
\nweren’t able to put those two <\/p>\n
182
\n00:10:36,720 –> 00:10:40,120
\ntogether until eventually they
\nrealized, oh wow, these formulas<\/p>\n
183
\n00:10:40,120 –> 00:10:43,080
\nreally do have a purpose.
\nThey are part of the laws of <\/p>\n
184
\n00:10:43,080 –> 00:10:44,760
\nnature.
\nAnd Paul Davies says that’s <\/p>\n
185
\n00:10:44,760 –> 00:10:46,840
\nhappened again and again and
\nagain. <\/p>\n
186
\n00:10:47,560 –> 00:10:50,920
\nWe we come up with these
\nformulas and it’s not until <\/p>\n
187
\n00:10:50,920 –> 00:10:53,640
\nsometimes generations later that
\nwe realize they actually are <\/p>\n
188
\n00:10:53,640 –> 00:10:56,480
\nsomehow governing the the world
\nthat we live in. <\/p>\n
189
\n00:10:57,880 –> 00:11:00,880
\nAnd Savvis Demopolis, this is
\nfrom that documentary I told you<\/p>\n
190
\n00:11:00,880 –> 00:11:04,160
\nabout in the First class last
\nnight Particle Fever, about the <\/p>\n
191
\n00:11:04,160 –> 00:11:07,080
\ndiscovery of the Higgs boson.
\nSo one of the world’s leading <\/p>\n
192
\n00:11:07,080 –> 00:11:11,720
\nphysicists, he’s was the mentor
\nof that other young scientist, <\/p>\n
193
\n00:11:11,720 –> 00:11:15,160
\nNima Arkani Hamed, who we quoted
\nfrom about the cosmological <\/p>\n
194
\n00:11:15,160 –> 00:11:20,040
\nconstant in the first class.
\nThis man was his mentor and he <\/p>\n
195
\n00:11:20,040 –> 00:11:23,640
\nsaid in the documentary, it’s
\nastonishing that there are any <\/p>\n
196
\n00:11:23,640 –> 00:11:28,200
\nlaws of nature at all, that they
\nare describable by mathematics, <\/p>\n
197
\n00:11:28,640 –> 00:11:32,320
\nthat mathematics is a tool that
\nhumans can understand, that the <\/p>\n
198
\n00:11:32,320 –> 00:11:34,920
\nlaws of nature can be written on
\na page. <\/p>\n
199
\n00:11:35,400 –> 00:11:39,280
\nIt’s the greatest of all
\nmysteries you see as a species. <\/p>\n
200
\n00:11:39,280 –> 00:11:42,760
\nWe started out doing science
\nbecause we believed in a God, a <\/p>\n
201
\n00:11:42,760 –> 00:11:47,000
\nlawgiver, and we expected to
\nfind laws in place. <\/p>\n
202
\n00:11:48,120 –> 00:11:51,560
\nAnd generation after generation,
\nscientists have discovered more <\/p>\n
203
\n00:11:51,560 –> 00:11:54,000
\nand more laws that are governing
\nthe world that we can live in, <\/p>\n
204
\n00:11:54,120 –> 00:11:56,480
\nin a language that we can
\nunderstand but that we didn’t <\/p>\n
205
\n00:11:56,480 –> 00:12:02,480
\ncome up with, that we only
\ncontinue to discover, he says. <\/p>\n
206
\n00:12:02,480 –> 00:12:04,680
\nIt’s the greatest of all
\nmysteries that this should be so<\/p>\n
207
\n00:12:05,720 –> 00:12:08,840
\nthat we could actually write
\ndown the laws of the universe on<\/p>\n
208
\n00:12:08,840 –> 00:12:16,200
\na page.
\nNow come with me to John Chapter<\/p>\n
209
\n00:12:16,200 –> 00:12:25,960
\none, and a lot of you will know
\nthis passage very well. <\/p>\n
210
\n00:12:25,960 –> 00:12:28,560
\nI’m going to start reading from
\nverse one. <\/p>\n
211
\n00:12:31,200 –> 00:12:34,240
\nJohn chapter one starting at
\nverse one. <\/p>\n
212
\n00:12:36,800 –> 00:12:41,600
\nIn the beginning was the Word,
\nand the Word was with God, and <\/p>\n
213
\n00:12:41,600 –> 00:12:44,920
\nthe Word was God.
\nHe was in the beginning with <\/p>\n
214
\n00:12:44,920 –> 00:12:47,600
\nGod.
\nAll things were made through <\/p>\n
215
\n00:12:47,600 –> 00:12:52,240
\nhim, and without him was not
\nAnything made that was made In <\/p>\n
216
\n00:12:52,240 –> 00:12:55,040
\nhim was life, and the life was
\nthe light of men. <\/p>\n
217
\n00:12:55,600 –> 00:12:58,280
\nThe light shines in the
\ndarkness, and the darkness has <\/p>\n
218
\n00:12:58,280 –> 00:13:03,800
\nnot overcome it.
\nNow, over and above all of the <\/p>\n
219
\n00:13:03,800 –> 00:13:06,760
\ntheological meaning that we
\noften go into when we read these<\/p>\n
220
\n00:13:06,760 –> 00:13:09,920
\nverses, there’s a simple
\napplication of these passages <\/p>\n
221
\n00:13:09,920 –> 00:13:13,760
\ntoo, of these verses.
\nThat word for word in the Greek <\/p>\n
222
\n00:13:13,760 –> 00:13:17,080
\nis the word Logos.
\nIt simply means language. <\/p>\n
223
\n00:13:17,840 –> 00:13:19,600
\nIn the beginning, there was
\nlanguage. <\/p>\n
224
\n00:13:20,360 –> 00:13:23,320
\nIt’s as if God used language to
\ncreate all things. <\/p>\n
225
\n00:13:23,440 –> 00:13:25,640
\nIf you were to turn to Genesis
\nchapter one, just go through <\/p>\n
226
\n00:13:25,640 –> 00:13:27,920
\nthat whole chapter of the
\ncreation account and count how <\/p>\n
227
\n00:13:27,920 –> 00:13:33,760
\nmany times it says and God said
\nover and over again as if God <\/p>\n
228
\n00:13:33,760 –> 00:13:40,040
\nwas using language to create the
\nworld and everything that we <\/p>\n
229
\n00:13:40,040 –> 00:13:44,040
\nknow.
\nAnd you know, in all of human <\/p>\n
230
\n00:13:44,040 –> 00:13:51,280
\nexperience, there’s only ever
\nbeen one thing that is capable <\/p>\n
231
\n00:13:51,280 –> 00:13:55,560
\nof creating a language, and
\nthat’s a mind. <\/p>\n
232
\n00:13:57,840 –> 00:14:00,960
\nAnd here in mathematics, we have
\na language that we did not <\/p>\n
233
\n00:14:00,960 –> 00:14:05,760
\ncreate, that we only discovered,
\nand we continue to discover more<\/p>\n
234
\n00:14:05,760 –> 00:14:09,520
\nof it every single day.
\nAnd we discovered too, that it <\/p>\n
235
\n00:14:09,640 –> 00:14:13,720
\ngoverns all of the laws by which
\nthis universe exists. <\/p>\n
236
\n00:14:14,360 –> 00:14:17,120
\nWe see it in DNA.
\nWe looked at genetic code in the<\/p>\n
237
\n00:14:17,120 –> 00:14:20,240
\nfirst class, and we realized
\nthat that the the very code that<\/p>\n
238
\n00:14:20,240 –> 00:14:22,800
\nwe’re made of is like a very
\ncomplex language. <\/p>\n
239
\n00:14:22,800 –> 00:14:25,560
\nThe human genome, 3 1\/2 billion
\nletters long. <\/p>\n
240
\n00:14:26,880 –> 00:14:29,880
\nWe see it in the universe.
\nWe see the cosmological <\/p>\n
241
\n00:14:29,880 –> 00:14:32,520
\nconstant, which has to be an
\nextremely precise number. <\/p>\n
242
\n00:14:32,520 –> 00:14:35,480
\nIf it was anything else, the
\nuniverse would either fly apart <\/p>\n
243
\n00:14:35,480 –> 00:14:38,840
\nor collapse in on itself.
\nEverywhere we look, we see a <\/p>\n
244
\n00:14:38,840 –> 00:14:41,520
\nlanguage that we didn’t create.
\nIt was already there. <\/p>\n
245
\n00:14:41,720 –> 00:14:43,960
\nAnd the only thing that we know
\nof capable of creating a <\/p>\n
246
\n00:14:43,960 –> 00:14:51,800
\nlanguage is a mind.
\nAnd we read all about that mind <\/p>\n
247
\n00:14:52,800 –> 00:14:54,720
\nright here in our Bibles in
\nfront of us. <\/p>\n
248
\n00:14:56,200 –> 00:14:59,840
\nNow, when I first gave this
\nseries of classes, it was back <\/p>\n
249
\n00:14:59,840 –> 00:15:08,120
\nin at the end of 2014 and on
\nDecember 25th in 2014, I was <\/p>\n
250
\n00:15:08,120 –> 00:15:10,800
\ngiven a present right in the
\nmiddle of these classes in the <\/p>\n
251
\n00:15:10,800 –> 00:15:16,400
\nform of an article in the Wall
\nStreet Journal looked like this.<\/p>\n
252
\n00:15:17,880 –> 00:15:22,560
\nScience increasingly makes the
\ncase for God. <\/p>\n
253
\n00:15:23,240 –> 00:15:25,040
\nI couldn’t believe it.
\nThis was the Wall Street <\/p>\n
254
\n00:15:25,040 –> 00:15:27,200
\nJournal.
\nIt’s written by a man named Eric<\/p>\n
255
\n00:15:27,200 –> 00:15:32,280
\nMetaxas and Eric Metaxas.
\nI went on to to read about him. <\/p>\n
256
\n00:15:32,280 –> 00:15:34,920
\nIt turns out he’s a pretty well
\nknown Christian apologist and he<\/p>\n
257
\n00:15:34,920 –> 00:15:39,240
\nwrote this piece for the Wall
\nStreet Journal, which is a major<\/p>\n
258
\n00:15:39,240 –> 00:15:40,880
\npublication.
\nI was surprised to see a <\/p>\n
259
\n00:15:40,880 –> 00:15:45,600
\nChristian apologetic work here
\nin such a major mainstream <\/p>\n
260
\n00:15:45,600 –> 00:15:52,000
\npublication like the Wall Street
\nJournal and he he published this<\/p>\n
261
\n00:15:52,000 –> 00:15:56,720
\narticle and about a month later
\nvery well known member of the <\/p>\n
262
\n00:15:56,720 –> 00:15:59,560
\nNew Atheist named Lawrence
\nKrauss who’s a physicist, <\/p>\n
263
\n00:16:00,240 –> 00:16:05,160
\npublished A rebuttal to this, to
\nthis article and he tried to <\/p>\n
264
\n00:16:05,160 –> 00:16:06,920
\npublish it in the Wall Street
\nJournal and the Wall Street <\/p>\n
265
\n00:16:06,920 –> 00:16:09,800
\nJournal refused.
\nSo he went and published it in <\/p>\n
266
\n00:16:09,800 –> 00:16:14,600
\nThe New Yorker instead or sorry,
\nI think it’s the New York Times <\/p>\n
267
\n00:16:15,720 –> 00:16:17,560
\nand both of the articles are
\nreally interesting. <\/p>\n
268
\n00:16:17,560 –> 00:16:19,960
\nThe first article, Science
\nincreasingly makes the case for <\/p>\n
269
\n00:16:19,960 –> 00:16:22,000
\nGod.
\nAnd and the rebuttal article by <\/p>\n
270
\n00:16:22,000 –> 00:16:24,040
\nthe atheist Lawrence Krauss and
\nwe’re going to look at that a <\/p>\n
271
\n00:16:24,040 –> 00:16:25,680
\nlittle bit after we look at this
\narticle. <\/p>\n
272
\n00:16:25,680 –> 00:16:28,160
\nFirst, this article.
\nYou can go online and read it <\/p>\n
273
\n00:16:28,160 –> 00:16:32,280
\nright now.
\nYou can just search for science <\/p>\n
274
\n00:16:32,920 –> 00:16:35,320
\nmaking the case for God in the
\nWall Street Journal, and you can<\/p>\n
275
\n00:16:35,320 –> 00:16:36,480
\ngo right there and read the
\narticle. <\/p>\n
276
\n00:16:36,480 –> 00:16:38,800
\nIt’s not very long.
\nIn the first few days of its <\/p>\n
277
\n00:16:38,800 –> 00:16:42,400
\npublication, it received more
\ncomments online on Facebook than<\/p>\n
278
\n00:16:42,640 –> 00:16:46,120
\nthan any other article that had
\never been published by the Wall <\/p>\n
279
\n00:16:46,120 –> 00:16:48,280
\nStreet Journal.
\nAnd I went on and just browse <\/p>\n
280
\n00:16:48,280 –> 00:16:50,880
\nthrough some of those thousands
\nof comments and you find it was <\/p>\n
281
\n00:16:50,880 –> 00:16:54,440
\na hotbed of controversy of
\npeople going back and forth, <\/p>\n
282
\n00:16:54,440 –> 00:16:59,040
\natheists and Christians and and
\nand just taking shots at each <\/p>\n
283
\n00:16:59,040 –> 00:17:01,080
\nother in the comments section of
\nthis article. <\/p>\n
284
\n00:17:01,560 –> 00:17:03,800
\nAnd so I want to talk about it
\nfor the next few minutes because<\/p>\n
285
\n00:17:03,800 –> 00:17:06,520
\nit was what it said, I found
\nvery interesting and <\/p>\n
286
\n00:17:06,520 –> 00:17:07,920
\nstrengthened my faith quite a
\nbit. <\/p>\n
287
\n00:17:08,079 –> 00:17:09,560
\nWe’re not going to read the
\narticle itself. <\/p>\n
288
\n00:17:09,560 –> 00:17:11,640
\nI will show you a clip from it
\nin a minute. <\/p>\n
289
\n00:17:11,640 –> 00:17:13,560
\nWe’re going to actually get into
\nwhat it says in a lot more <\/p>\n
290
\n00:17:13,560 –> 00:17:15,680
\ndetail than the article itself
\ndoes. <\/p>\n
291
\n00:17:16,960 –> 00:17:21,040
\nAnd it starts by taking our mind
\nback to a time and history. <\/p>\n
292
\n00:17:21,200 –> 00:17:27,440
\nThe year was 1966. 1966 was the
\nyear of probably the most famous<\/p>\n
293
\n00:17:27,599 –> 00:17:30,120
\ncover of Time magazine that was
\never published. <\/p>\n
294
\n00:17:30,280 –> 00:17:35,600
\nThis one right here is God dead.
\nIt’s the first time Time <\/p>\n
295
\n00:17:35,600 –> 00:17:38,800
\nmagazine had ever published one
\nof their magazines that didn’t <\/p>\n
296
\n00:17:38,800 –> 00:17:40,960
\nhave a photo on the cover.
\nIt just had this black <\/p>\n
297
\n00:17:41,040 –> 00:17:45,880
\nbackground and without even
\nreading the content of of this <\/p>\n
298
\n00:17:45,880 –> 00:17:48,680
\nmagazine, many people were up in
\narms just from the title. <\/p>\n
299
\n00:17:49,360 –> 00:17:54,800
\nIt was the the most well read
\narticle of of Time magazine ever<\/p>\n
300
\n00:17:54,800 –> 00:17:59,040
\nreceived more letters to the
\neditor than than any other issue<\/p>\n
301
\n00:17:59,040 –> 00:18:01,400
\nof Time magazine ever had at
\nthat time. <\/p>\n
302
\n00:18:02,600 –> 00:18:05,120
\nAnd it itself was.
\nIt was very controversial. <\/p>\n
303
\n00:18:05,280 –> 00:18:07,920
\nIf you were to go and read it,
\nyou’d find it may not be quite <\/p>\n
304
\n00:18:07,920 –> 00:18:09,640
\nwhat you think.
\nIt was more a critique on the <\/p>\n
305
\n00:18:09,640 –> 00:18:11,280
\nstate of Christianity at the
\ntime. <\/p>\n
306
\n00:18:11,880 –> 00:18:15,160
\nIt was saying that that within
\nChristian culture there are are <\/p>\n
307
\n00:18:15,160 –> 00:18:17,320
\nactually at Christian
\nuniversities, there are <\/p>\n
308
\n00:18:17,320 –> 00:18:20,440
\nprofessors and there are even
\npriests and pastors who are now <\/p>\n
309
\n00:18:20,440 –> 00:18:23,480
\nteaching that God is dead, that
\nGod is no more within the <\/p>\n
310
\n00:18:23,480 –> 00:18:26,720
\nreligious Christian religious
\nmovement and that Christian <\/p>\n
311
\n00:18:26,720 –> 00:18:31,040
\nnumbers of in their churches are
\ndwindling and things are <\/p>\n
312
\n00:18:31,200 –> 00:18:34,360
\nchanging that that that the God
\nof the Bible is no longer <\/p>\n
313
\n00:18:34,360 –> 00:18:36,560
\nappealing to people.
\nAnd so they make some <\/p>\n
314
\n00:18:36,560 –> 00:18:39,880
\nrecommendations in the article
\nabout what Christianity could do<\/p>\n
315
\n00:18:39,880 –> 00:18:43,040
\nto to stop its dwindling, its
\nmembership from dwindling. <\/p>\n
316
\n00:18:43,320 –> 00:18:46,680
\nThings like talk less about God
\nand talk more about Jesus and <\/p>\n
317
\n00:18:46,680 –> 00:18:49,520
\nhow it applies to that applies
\nto you personally, Stuff like <\/p>\n
318
\n00:18:49,520 –> 00:18:51,920
\nthat.
\nSo he refers us to that article <\/p>\n
319
\n00:18:51,920 –> 00:18:56,480
\nin Time magazine in 1966.
\nAnd in that very same year was <\/p>\n
320
\n00:18:56,480 –> 00:19:01,680
\nwhen as a culture we first
\nstarted to become aware of, at <\/p>\n
321
\n00:19:01,680 –> 00:19:06,520
\nleast by hearsay sightings of
\nUFOs. <\/p>\n
322
\n00:19:08,200 –> 00:19:11,480
\nAnd now we kind of look at this
\nwith a lot of skepticism. <\/p>\n
323
\n00:19:11,480 –> 00:19:13,000
\nBut back then this was a big
\ndeal. <\/p>\n
324
\n00:19:13,000 –> 00:19:15,360
\nPeople thought that we were
\nseeing alien spaceships in the <\/p>\n
325
\n00:19:15,360 –> 00:19:17,640
\nsky.
\nWe’d never this was not a thing <\/p>\n
326
\n00:19:17,640 –> 00:19:21,480
\nbefore 1966, and people were
\nvery afraid of it, and the <\/p>\n
327
\n00:19:21,480 –> 00:19:24,680
\ngovernment took it seriously.
\nNow, in fact, those were all <\/p>\n
328
\n00:19:24,680 –> 00:19:28,640
\nhoaxes, the actual seeing,
\nseeing, seeing UFOs in the sky. <\/p>\n
329
\n00:19:28,640 –> 00:19:30,960
\nBut it was something that was a
\nvery much a hot topic and had <\/p>\n
330
\n00:19:30,960 –> 00:19:34,240
\npeople talking.
\nA lot of people were scared, and<\/p>\n
331
\n00:19:34,240 –> 00:19:37,880
\nthe government set up a task
\nforce called SETI, which stands <\/p>\n
332
\n00:19:37,880 –> 00:19:39,960
\nfor the search for
\nExtraterrestrial Intelligence. <\/p>\n
333
\n00:19:39,960 –> 00:19:43,440
\nNow trust me, this may seem off
\ntopic, but but we’re going in <\/p>\n
334
\n00:19:43,440 –> 00:19:45,840
\nthe right direction.
\nThis will all tie in eventually.<\/p>\n
335
\n00:19:45,840 –> 00:19:54,240
\nYou just have to believe me.
\nSo scientists turn their eyes <\/p>\n
336
\n00:19:54,240 –> 00:19:56,960
\nand ears to the sky to listen
\nfor a message from <\/p>\n
337
\n00:19:56,960 –> 00:20:00,160
\nextraterrestrial civilizations.
\nBecause they believed that it <\/p>\n
338
\n00:20:00,160 –> 00:20:02,840
\nwas only a matter of time, that
\nthere must be life out there. <\/p>\n
339
\n00:20:03,360 –> 00:20:05,280
\nAnd there was one man on this
\ntask force. <\/p>\n
340
\n00:20:05,280 –> 00:20:08,440
\nHis name was Carl Sagan, and he
\nwould become the great <\/p>\n
341
\n00:20:08,440 –> 00:20:11,360
\nAmbassador to the To the Masses
\nfor Science. <\/p>\n
342
\n00:20:11,880 –> 00:20:13,840
\nAnd he would have his own
\ntelevision program called <\/p>\n
343
\n00:20:13,840 –> 00:20:17,200
\nCosmos, where he would explain
\nall that we knew about the <\/p>\n
344
\n00:20:17,200 –> 00:20:22,280
\nuniverse so far, and he would be
\na looming figure in science. <\/p>\n
345
\n00:20:23,480 –> 00:20:28,000
\nAnd he said that there are only
\ntwo criteria for a planet, any <\/p>\n
346
\n00:20:28,000 –> 00:20:30,560
\nplanet anywhere in the Galaxy or
\nthe universe, to be able to <\/p>\n
347
\n00:20:30,560 –> 00:20:33,360
\nsupport life.
\nJust two criteria, the type of <\/p>\n
348
\n00:20:33,360 –> 00:20:37,360
\nstar in the solar system and the
\nproximity of that planet to that<\/p>\n
349
\n00:20:37,360 –> 00:20:41,360
\nstar.
\nSo I’m going to play you a video<\/p>\n
350
\n00:20:41,360 –> 00:20:44,120
\nclip now from that program,
\nCosmos. <\/p>\n
351
\n00:20:44,120 –> 00:20:46,960
\nYou’ll see Carl Sagan.
\nYou’ll see what people thought <\/p>\n
352
\n00:20:46,960 –> 00:20:50,280
\nat the time about about whether
\nor not there was actually other <\/p>\n
353
\n00:20:50,280 –> 00:20:53,080
\nlife out there on other planets.
\nAnd I’m hoping the sound is <\/p>\n
354
\n00:20:53,080 –> 00:20:54,240
\nworking.
\nWe’ll start playing here. <\/p>\n
355
\n00:20:54,240 –> 00:20:56,560
\nIf it doesn’t work, I’ll do the
\nmicrophone thing again like I <\/p>\n
356
\n00:20:56,560 –> 00:20:59,320
\ndid last night.
\nHere’s here’s Carl Sagan and <\/p>\n
357
\n00:20:59,320 –> 00:21:01,880
\nCosmos this.
\nIs one of the great questions. <\/p>\n
358
\n00:21:02,240 –> 00:21:06,080
\nHow many benefits civilizations
\ncapable, at least in radio <\/p>\n
359
\n00:21:06,120 –> 00:21:08,600
\nastronomy, are there in the
\nMilky Way Galaxy? <\/p>\n
360
\n00:21:09,640 –> 00:21:13,360
\nLet’s call the number of such
\ncivilizations by the capital <\/p>\n
361
\n00:21:13,360 –> 00:21:17,280
\nletter N It’s a number depends
\non many things. <\/p>\n
362
\n00:21:17,760 –> 00:21:20,480
\nIt depends on the total number
\nof stars in the movie way. <\/p>\n
363
\n00:21:20,520 –> 00:21:23,080
\nLet’s call that.
\nIn such *. <\/p>\n
364
\n00:21:23,440 –> 00:21:26,000
\nIt depends on the fraction of
\nstars that have planets. <\/p>\n
365
\n00:21:26,000 –> 00:21:30,400
\nLet’s call that F sub P It
\ndepends on the average number of<\/p>\n
366
\n00:21:30,400 –> 00:21:34,120
\nplanets in a given solar system
\nthat are ecologically suitable <\/p>\n
367
\n00:21:34,120 –> 00:21:36,480
\nfor life.
\nLet’s call that and so the. <\/p>\n
368
\n00:21:38,160 –> 00:21:40,160
\nDepends on the fraction of
\nsuitable planets, and it’s like <\/p>\n
369
\n00:21:40,480 –> 00:21:43,200
\nactually arises.
\nCall that a Sibel? <\/p>\n
370
\n00:21:44,200 –> 00:21:47,080
\nDepends on the fraction of
\ninhabited planets on which <\/p>\n
371
\n00:21:47,280 –> 00:21:52,560
\nintelligence emerges, Let’s call
\nit a survive, and on the <\/p>\n
372
\n00:21:52,560 –> 00:21:56,160
\nfraction of those planets in
\nwhich the intelligent beings <\/p>\n
373
\n00:21:56,160 –> 00:22:00,840
\nevolve a technical communicative
\ncivilization, call it A succeed.<\/p>\n
374
\n00:22:01,880 –> 00:22:06,280
\nFinally, it depends on the
\nfraction of a planet’s lifetime.<\/p>\n
375
\n00:22:06,320 –> 00:22:10,240
\nThat’s Greece.
\nBy a technical civilization call<\/p>\n
376
\n00:22:10,240 –> 00:22:17,840
\nthat a civil if you multiply all
\nthese numbers together, we’ve <\/p>\n
377
\n00:22:17,840 –> 00:22:22,400
\nestimated capital N the number
\nof civilizations this equation <\/p>\n
378
\n00:22:23,040 –> 00:22:26,960
\ndo mainly to Frank Drake and
\nCornell is only a sentence, the <\/p>\n
379
\n00:22:26,960 –> 00:22:32,040
\nverb is equals.
\nSo let’s try to go through the <\/p>\n
380
\n00:22:32,040 –> 00:22:36,520
\nprogram of this equation.
\nBy carefully counting the number<\/p>\n
381
\n00:22:36,520 –> 00:22:39,080
\nof stars in small but
\nrepresentative regions of the <\/p>\n
382
\n00:22:39,080 –> 00:22:43,560
\nsky, we find that the total
\nnumber of stars in the Milky Way<\/p>\n
383
\n00:22:44,040 –> 00:22:50,200
\nis about 400.
\nThere’s a lot of stars. <\/p>\n
384
\n00:22:51,040 –> 00:22:56,240
\nWhat about planets?
\nWell, in studies of double stars<\/p>\n
385
\n00:22:56,240 –> 00:23:01,000
\nand investigations of the
\nmotions of nearby stars, and in <\/p>\n
386
\n00:23:01,000 –> 00:23:06,640
\nmany theoretical studies.
\nWe get a strong hint that many, <\/p>\n
387
\n00:23:07,560 –> 00:23:11,120
\nperhaps even most, stars are
\naccompanied by planets. <\/p>\n
388
\n00:23:11,480 –> 00:23:17,280
\nSo let’s take SFP, the fraction
\nof stars that have planets as a <\/p>\n
389
\n00:23:17,560 –> 00:23:21,560
\nquarter.
\nIf we were to multiply all these<\/p>\n
390
\n00:23:21,560 –> 00:23:25,520
\nfactors together, we would find
\n100 billion times a 10 times a <\/p>\n
391
\n00:23:25,560 –> 00:23:33,960
\n10 or 1 billion planets.
\nCivilizations have risen at <\/p>\n
392
\n00:23:34,000 –> 00:23:40,360
\nleast once now.
\nWhat percentage of the lifetime <\/p>\n
393
\n00:23:40,360 –> 00:23:43,280
\nof the planet is marked by a
\ntechnical civilization? <\/p>\n
394
\n00:23:44,200 –> 00:23:46,880
\nThe Earth has harbored a
\ncivilization capable of radio <\/p>\n
395
\n00:23:46,880 –> 00:23:50,720
\nastronomy only for a few
\ndecades, the last few decades of<\/p>\n
396
\n00:23:50,720 –> 00:23:52,960
\na lifetime of a few billion
\nyears. <\/p>\n
397
\n00:23:53,600 –> 00:23:57,320
\nIt’s hardly another question
\nthat we might destroy ourselves <\/p>\n
398
\n00:23:57,320 –> 00:24:00,360
\ntomorrow.
\nIf that’s a typical case, then <\/p>\n
399
\n00:24:00,520 –> 00:24:06,560
\nFS of big Del would be few
\ndecades by a few million years, <\/p>\n
400
\n00:24:06,560 –> 00:24:15,200
\nor 100 million, a very small
\nnumber, and then the end would <\/p>\n
401
\n00:24:15,200 –> 00:24:23,400
\nbe a billion times 100 million.
\nOr in maybe just 10 in <\/p>\n
402
\n00:24:23,440 –> 00:24:27,240
\ncivilization, a tiny smattering
\nup pitiful few. <\/p>\n
403
\n00:24:28,000 –> 00:24:30,600
\nEcological civilizations in the
\nGalaxy. <\/p>\n
404
\n00:24:32,320 –> 00:24:36,200
\nBut civilizations then might
\nthink dooms and Gears of <\/p>\n
405
\n00:24:36,280 –> 00:24:40,320
\ntortuous evolution to arise and
\nthen snuff themselves out in an <\/p>\n
406
\n00:24:40,320 –> 00:24:45,800
\ninstant of unforgivable neglect.
\nIf this is a typical case, there<\/p>\n
407
\n00:24:45,800 –> 00:24:54,950
\nmay be few others, maybe nobody
\nelse at all for us to talk, but <\/p>\n
408
\n00:24:54,950 –> 00:24:57,870
\nconsider the alternative that
\noccasion. <\/p>\n
409
\n00:24:58,320 –> 00:25:02,080
\nCivilizations learn to live with
\nhigh technology and survive <\/p>\n
410
\n00:25:02,760 –> 00:25:04,960
\ngeological or stellar
\nrevolutionary time scale. <\/p>\n
411
\n00:25:05,200 –> 00:25:10,200
\nIf only 1% of civilizations can
\nsurvive technological <\/p>\n
412
\n00:25:10,480 –> 00:25:13,000
\nadolescence.
\nThen that’s a big off. <\/p>\n
413
\n00:25:13,600 –> 00:25:18,520
\nWould be not 100 million but
\nonly 100. <\/p>\n
414
\n00:25:19,200 –> 00:25:22,600
\nAnd then the number of
\ncivilizations would be a billion<\/p>\n
415
\n00:25:23,160 –> 00:25:25,720
\ntimes 100.
\nThe number of civilizations in <\/p>\n
416
\n00:25:25,720 –> 00:25:27,320
\nthe Galaxy then, would be
\nmeasured. <\/p>\n
417
\n00:25:36,000 –> 00:25:39,480
\nSo this is what they believed.
\nThere must be millions of <\/p>\n
418
\n00:25:39,480 –> 00:25:42,920
\ncivilizations out there right
\nnow, and other planets just in <\/p>\n
419
\n00:25:42,920 –> 00:25:46,360
\nour Galaxy, which means that it
\nwould only be a matter of time <\/p>\n
420
\n00:25:46,360 –> 00:25:48,040
\nbefore we made contact with one
\nof them. <\/p>\n
421
\n00:25:48,400 –> 00:25:51,360
\nSo we built great satellites and
\nwe waited for some kind of <\/p>\n
422
\n00:25:51,360 –> 00:25:54,240
\ncommunication, and we turned our
\ntelescopes to the sky. <\/p>\n
423
\n00:25:57,120 –> 00:26:00,400
\nFor decades we listened and
\nheard nothing. <\/p>\n
424
\n00:26:01,720 –> 00:26:03,960
\nBut something else happened over
\nthose decades too. <\/p>\n
425
\n00:26:04,920 –> 00:26:08,200
\nSo this is a quote from this
\narticle from the Wall Street <\/p>\n
426
\n00:26:08,200 –> 00:26:12,480
\nJournal at the end of 2014, Eric
\nMetaxas writes. <\/p>\n
427
\n00:26:13,360 –> 00:26:17,960
\nToday, there are more than 200
\nknown parameters necessary for a<\/p>\n
428
\n00:26:17,960 –> 00:26:21,680
\nplanet to support life, every
\nsingle one of which which must <\/p>\n
429
\n00:26:21,680 –> 00:26:24,440
\nbe perfectly met or the whole
\nthing falls apart. <\/p>\n
430
\n00:26:25,040 –> 00:26:27,920
\nWithout a massive planet like
\nJupiter nearby, whose gravity <\/p>\n
431
\n00:26:27,920 –> 00:26:31,320
\nwill draw away asteroids 1000
\ntimes as many would hit Earth’s <\/p>\n
432
\n00:26:31,320 –> 00:26:34,720
\nsurface, the odds against life
\nin the universe are simply <\/p>\n
433
\n00:26:34,800 –> 00:26:37,160
\nastonishing.
\nYet here we are, not only <\/p>\n
434
\n00:26:37,160 –> 00:26:39,400
\nexisting, but talking about
\nexisting. <\/p>\n
435
\n00:26:40,240 –> 00:26:43,520
\nWhat could account for it?
\nCan every one of those many <\/p>\n
436
\n00:26:43,520 –> 00:26:46,280
\nparameters have been perfect by
\naccident? <\/p>\n
437
\n00:26:46,840 –> 00:26:49,920
\nAt what point is it fair to
\nadmit that science suggests that<\/p>\n
438
\n00:26:49,920 –> 00:26:53,080
\nwe cannot be the result of
\nrandom forces, Does it? <\/p>\n
439
\n00:26:53,080 –> 00:26:56,120
\nAssuming that an intelligence
\ncreated these perfect conditions<\/p>\n
440
\n00:26:56,360 –> 00:27:00,240
\nrequire far less faith than
\nbelieving that a life sustaining<\/p>\n
441
\n00:27:00,240 –> 00:27:04,280
\nEarth just happened to be the
\ninconceivable odds to come into <\/p>\n
442
\n00:27:04,280 –> 00:27:08,160
\nbeing.
\nSo here’s what happened. <\/p>\n
443
\n00:27:09,760 –> 00:27:13,400
\nAt first we thought back in the
\n60s that there were only two <\/p>\n
444
\n00:27:13,400 –> 00:27:16,440
\ncriteria necessary for a planet
\nto be able to support life. <\/p>\n
445
\n00:27:16,440 –> 00:27:19,000
\nYou remember I mentioned those?
\nThe type of star in a solar <\/p>\n
446
\n00:27:19,000 –> 00:27:22,080
\nsystem and the proximity of a
\nplanet to the to that star. <\/p>\n
447
\n00:27:23,280 –> 00:27:26,920
\nBut then scientists discovered
\nmore parameters necessary for <\/p>\n
448
\n00:27:26,920 –> 00:27:30,080
\nlife and they discovered more
\nand they discovered more as the <\/p>\n
449
\n00:27:30,080 –> 00:27:32,920
\nyears went on.
\nAnd the more parameters they <\/p>\n
450
\n00:27:32,920 –> 00:27:37,720
\ndiscovered, the more that
\nprobable number of other planets<\/p>\n
451
\n00:27:37,720 –> 00:27:40,760
\nout there with civilizations on
\nthem started to shrink. <\/p>\n
452
\n00:27:41,440 –> 00:27:44,440
\nIt got smaller and smaller the
\nmore things we discovered that <\/p>\n
453
\n00:27:44,440 –> 00:27:47,080
\nwere necessary, that had to be
\njust right for life to arise to <\/p>\n
454
\n00:27:47,080 –> 00:27:51,080
\nthe point where it got to a 0%
\nchance that there are any other <\/p>\n
455
\n00:27:51,080 –> 00:27:54,680
\ncivilizations out there.
\nAnd then we kept discovering <\/p>\n
456
\n00:27:54,680 –> 00:27:59,320
\nmore criteria for life.
\nAnd then the probability that we<\/p>\n
457
\n00:27:59,320 –> 00:28:03,440
\nshould ever even exist got
\nsmaller and smaller and smaller <\/p>\n
458
\n00:28:03,680 –> 00:28:06,600
\nuntil it became basically an
\nimpossible situation, except for<\/p>\n
459
\n00:28:06,600 –> 00:28:10,240
\nthe fact that we’re here for
\nsome reason, that we should be <\/p>\n
460
\n00:28:10,240 –> 00:28:14,040
\nhere, that there’s a planet
\nanywhere in a universe somewhere<\/p>\n
461
\n00:28:14,600 –> 00:28:19,520
\nthat supports life.
\nThe fact that we’re here became <\/p>\n
462
\n00:28:19,520 –> 00:28:23,640
\na miracle.
\nAnd Eric Metaxas mentions over <\/p>\n
463
\n00:28:23,640 –> 00:28:26,880
\n200 parameters now that have
\nbeen discovered necessary to <\/p>\n
464
\n00:28:26,880 –> 00:28:30,680
\nsupport life in the Galaxy.
\nNow, I searched and I couldn’t <\/p>\n
465
\n00:28:30,680 –> 00:28:33,920
\nfind anywhere near 200, and
\nthat’s one of the things that he<\/p>\n
466
\n00:28:33,920 –> 00:28:35,880
\ncame under fire for.
\nIn this article, he throws out <\/p>\n
467
\n00:28:35,880 –> 00:28:38,720
\nthat number of 200 parameters,
\nbut nobody can find it anywhere.<\/p>\n
468
\n00:28:39,160 –> 00:28:43,480
\nI did find a good list of 22
\ndifferent parameters necessary <\/p>\n
469
\n00:28:43,480 –> 00:28:47,760
\nto support life on any planet in
\nour Galaxy and we’re going to <\/p>\n
470
\n00:28:47,760 –> 00:28:50,200
\nnot going to look at all of
\nthem, but I’m going to just show<\/p>\n
471
\n00:28:50,200 –> 00:28:52,560
\nyou a few of them so you get
\nsort of a sampling of the kind <\/p>\n
472
\n00:28:52,560 –> 00:28:55,640
\nof things we’re looking at.
\nSo for example, we have the <\/p>\n
473
\n00:28:55,640 –> 00:28:58,200
\ngravitational force constant,
\nwhich is a large scale <\/p>\n
474
\n00:28:58,200 –> 00:29:00,720
\nattractive force.
\nIf it’s too weak then planets <\/p>\n
475
\n00:29:00,720 –> 00:29:03,400
\nand stars can’t form.
\nIf it’s too strong and then <\/p>\n
476
\n00:29:03,400 –> 00:29:07,440
\nstars burn up too quickly,
\nthere’s the electromagnetic <\/p>\n
477
\n00:29:07,480 –> 00:29:10,360
\nforce constant.
\nIf it was much stronger or <\/p>\n
478
\n00:29:10,360 –> 00:29:12,720
\nweaker, we wouldn’t be able to
\nhave stable chemical bonds and <\/p>\n
479
\n00:29:12,720 –> 00:29:18,000
\nhence no life on the planet.
\nThere’s the strong nuclear force<\/p>\n
480
\n00:29:18,000 –> 00:29:19,840
\nconstant.
\nIf it were weaker, the universe <\/p>\n
481
\n00:29:19,840 –> 00:29:22,840
\nwould have fewer stable chemical
\nelements, including several that<\/p>\n
482
\n00:29:22,840 –> 00:29:25,600
\nare necessary that are essential
\nfor life. <\/p>\n
483
\n00:29:26,200 –> 00:29:29,000
\nThere’s the one that we talked
\nabout last night, which is just <\/p>\n
484
\n00:29:29,000 –> 00:29:31,240
\none of many, the cosmological
\nconstant. <\/p>\n
485
\n00:29:31,240 –> 00:29:36,160
\nYou remember that right in
\nEinstein’s field equation it has<\/p>\n
486
\n00:29:36,160 –> 00:29:39,680
\nto be very close to 0, but not
\nzero, because we now know that <\/p>\n
487
\n00:29:39,680 –> 00:29:42,160
\nthe universe is expanding and
\nit’s accelerating in that <\/p>\n
488
\n00:29:42,160 –> 00:29:45,760
\nexpansion, and if it was any
\nother number than what it is, <\/p>\n
489
\n00:29:46,240 –> 00:29:48,800
\nthen the universe would either
\nfly apart or collapse in on <\/p>\n
490
\n00:29:48,800 –> 00:29:53,800
\nitself and we will skip forward
\na bunch here. <\/p>\n
491
\n00:29:54,760 –> 00:30:00,080
\nWithin the solar system, there
\nneeds to be a large moon around <\/p>\n
492
\n00:30:00,080 –> 00:30:02,960
\nthe planet with the right
\nplanetary rotation period, which<\/p>\n
493
\n00:30:02,960 –> 00:30:05,360
\nestablishes the right
\ngravitational pull, so that for <\/p>\n
494
\n00:30:05,360 –> 00:30:10,560
\nexample our Earth, our axis is
\non a 23.5\u00b0 angle, which is just <\/p>\n
495
\n00:30:10,560 –> 00:30:13,560
\nperfect to ensure relatively
\ntemperate seasonal changes. <\/p>\n
496
\n00:30:13,880 –> 00:30:19,760
\nSo that the Earth can support
\ncomplex living organisms within <\/p>\n
497
\n00:30:19,760 –> 00:30:23,480
\nthe Galaxy, the solar system, we
\nneed to be near the edge of <\/p>\n
498
\n00:30:23,480 –> 00:30:26,280
\nwhat’s called the circumstellar
\nhabitable zone. <\/p>\n
499
\n00:30:26,720 –> 00:30:29,120
\nOr, sorry, within the solar
\nsystem, if the Earth was just 5%<\/p>\n
500
\n00:30:29,120 –> 00:30:32,280
\ncloser to the sun, the Earth
\nwould be just a lot like Venus. <\/p>\n
501
\n00:30:32,720 –> 00:30:36,120
\nOf course, no life could exist.
\nAnd conversely, if it was just <\/p>\n
502
\n00:30:36,120 –> 00:30:39,240
\n20% further away than the Earth
\nwould be a sterile environment <\/p>\n
503
\n00:30:39,240 –> 00:30:42,520
\nlike Mars, also incapable of
\nsupporting life. <\/p>\n
504
\n00:30:44,200 –> 00:30:46,600
\nAnd now this is the one about
\nthe Galaxy, that the solar <\/p>\n
505
\n00:30:46,600 –> 00:30:49,080
\nsystem has to be within the
\nright zone of the Galaxy, <\/p>\n
506
\n00:30:49,080 –> 00:30:51,760
\nbecause the center of the Galaxy
\nand anywhere close to that is <\/p>\n
507
\n00:30:51,760 –> 00:30:55,040
\nway too dangerous to support any
\nkind of of life on any of the <\/p>\n
508
\n00:30:55,040 –> 00:30:57,320
\nplanets in any given solar
\nsystems. <\/p>\n
509
\n00:30:58,960 –> 00:31:02,520
\nAnd so the very fact that we’re
\nhere, that life exists on this <\/p>\n
510
\n00:31:02,520 –> 00:31:05,400
\nplanet, is incredible.
\nIt beats the odds by a <\/p>\n
511
\n00:31:05,400 –> 00:31:08,920
\nsignificant margin.
\nAnd all of those parameters had <\/p>\n
512
\n00:31:08,920 –> 00:31:11,680
\nto be exactly what they are for
\nus to be here. <\/p>\n
513
\n00:31:12,040 –> 00:31:15,040
\nThis is what is referred to as
\nthe fine tuning of the universe.<\/p>\n
514
\n00:31:15,040 –> 00:31:17,480
\nAnd we only started describing
\nthat when we talked about the <\/p>\n
515
\n00:31:17,480 –> 00:31:19,560
\ncosmological constant last
\nnight. <\/p>\n
516
\n00:31:20,440 –> 00:31:23,720
\nThere are so many parameters
\nthat had to be set just right in<\/p>\n
517
\n00:31:23,720 –> 00:31:26,520
\norder for us to be here.
\nIt begs the question that Nimar <\/p>\n
518
\n00:31:26,520 –> 00:31:31,160
\nKani Hamed mentioned last night,
\ndoesn’t it seem like there must <\/p>\n
519
\n00:31:31,160 –> 00:31:35,520
\nbe somebody who set all of these
\nparameters at precisely the <\/p>\n
520
\n00:31:35,520 –> 00:31:37,760
\nright value so that we can be
\nhere now? <\/p>\n
521
\n00:31:39,440 –> 00:31:46,640
\nNow, I mentioned that there was
\na rebuttal article made, written<\/p>\n
522
\n00:31:46,640 –> 00:31:49,800
\nand published by Lawrence
\nKrauss, and I want to talk about<\/p>\n
523
\n00:31:49,800 –> 00:31:51,760
\nthat a little bit now too.
\nI think it’s always important to<\/p>\n
524
\n00:31:51,760 –> 00:31:54,520
\nget the fully rounded picture.
\nIf somebody saying something <\/p>\n
525
\n00:31:54,520 –> 00:31:57,280
\nlike Eric Metaxas said in the
\nWall Street Journal, then what <\/p>\n
526
\n00:31:57,280 –> 00:32:00,440
\nwas said in response to that?
\nIt was The New Yorker, not the <\/p>\n
527
\n00:32:00,440 –> 00:32:02,160
\nNew York Times.
\nI was right the first time. <\/p>\n
528
\n00:32:03,280 –> 00:32:06,640
\nSo at the end of January, about
\na month after the first article <\/p>\n
529
\n00:32:06,640 –> 00:32:09,560
\nwas published, Lawrence Krauss
\npublished a rebuttal and the <\/p>\n
530
\n00:32:09,560 –> 00:32:11,640
\ntitle you might be able to see
\nup here on the screen. <\/p>\n
531
\n00:32:12,200 –> 00:32:16,480
\nThe title is No, Astrobiology
\nhas not Made the Case for God, <\/p>\n
532
\n00:32:16,840 –> 00:32:18,680
\nand just like the first one, we
\ndon’t have time to go through <\/p>\n
533
\n00:32:18,680 –> 00:32:20,320
\nthe whole article.
\nBut I want to touch on some of <\/p>\n
534
\n00:32:20,320 –> 00:32:24,400
\nhis major arguments, and the
\nfirst one I’ll show you in just <\/p>\n
535
\n00:32:24,400 –> 00:32:26,640
\na second.
\nLawrence Krauss is sort of <\/p>\n
536
\n00:32:26,640 –> 00:32:30,680
\nridiculing the Arcmetaxis
\nargument by coming up with a <\/p>\n
537
\n00:32:30,680 –> 00:32:33,800
\nfictional, well, not a fictional
\nreal life scenario where he says<\/p>\n
538
\n00:32:33,960 –> 00:32:37,440
\nI could come up with any kind of
\nscenario where the the odds of <\/p>\n
539
\n00:32:37,520 –> 00:32:40,400
\nof something happening are
\nimprobable or or maybe even <\/p>\n
540
\n00:32:40,400 –> 00:32:43,040
\nvirtually impossible.
\nAnd yet here we are and he gives<\/p>\n
541
\n00:32:43,040 –> 00:32:46,160
\nan example.
\nHe says. <\/p>\n
542
\n00:32:46,160 –> 00:32:49,000
\nIn order for me to be writing
\nthis piece at this precise <\/p>\n
543
\n00:32:49,000 –> 00:32:52,320
\ninstant on this airplane, having
\ndone all the things I’ve done <\/p>\n
544
\n00:32:52,320 –> 00:32:56,160
\ntoday, consider all the factors
\nthat had to be just right. <\/p>\n
545
\n00:32:56,600 –> 00:32:59,440
\nI had to find myself in San
\nFrancisco, among all the cities <\/p>\n
546
\n00:32:59,440 –> 00:33:01,800
\nin the world.
\nThe sequence of stoplights that <\/p>\n
547
\n00:33:01,800 –> 00:33:05,440
\nmy taxi had to traverse had to
\nbe just right in order to get me<\/p>\n
548
\n00:33:05,440 –> 00:33:08,000
\nto the airport.
\nWhen I did, the airport security<\/p>\n
549
\n00:33:08,000 –> 00:33:11,880
\nScreener had to experience a
\nsimilar set of coincidences in <\/p>\n
550
\n00:33:11,880 –> 00:33:14,080
\norder to be there when I needed
\nher. <\/p>\n
551
\n00:33:14,760 –> 00:33:18,200
\nSame goes for the pilot.
\nIt would be easy for me to <\/p>\n
552
\n00:33:18,200 –> 00:33:21,040
\nderive a set of probabilities
\nthat when multiplied together, <\/p>\n
553
\n00:33:21,040 –> 00:33:24,560
\nwould produce a number so small
\nthat it would be statistically <\/p>\n
554
\n00:33:24,560 –> 00:33:27,120
\nimpossible for me to be here.
\nNow writing. <\/p>\n
555
\n00:33:27,600 –> 00:33:29,040
\nI’m just going to pause there
\nfor a second. <\/p>\n
556
\n00:33:29,120 –> 00:33:32,040
\nWe’ll go on.
\nI never saw anybody point this <\/p>\n
557
\n00:33:32,040 –> 00:33:35,640
\nout, but this struck me as odd
\nthat this world renowned <\/p>\n
558
\n00:33:35,640 –> 00:33:38,560
\nphysicist and atheist would use
\nan argument like this one. <\/p>\n
559
\n00:33:39,680 –> 00:33:43,960
\nBecause the very point of the
\nEric Metaxas article in the Wall<\/p>\n
560
\n00:33:43,960 –> 00:33:48,400
\nStreet Journal is that the fact
\nthat we are here in a planet, in<\/p>\n
561
\n00:33:48,400 –> 00:33:52,280
\na Galaxy, in a universe that’s
\ncapable of supporting life, has <\/p>\n
562
\n00:33:52,280 –> 00:33:56,040
\nbeat the odds.
\nIt’s impossible unless we <\/p>\n
563
\n00:33:56,040 –> 00:33:58,640
\nacknowledge there is
\nintelligence behind it all. <\/p>\n
564
\n00:33:59,480 –> 00:34:02,440
\nAnd the example that Lawrence
\nKrauss gets here gives here. <\/p>\n
565
\n00:34:03,080 –> 00:34:07,080
\nWell, certainly the example that
\nhe gives would seem impossible <\/p>\n
566
\n00:34:07,560 –> 00:34:11,679
\nif he was a rock and didn’t have
\na mind, and so was the taxi <\/p>\n
567
\n00:34:11,679 –> 00:34:14,960
\ndriver, and so is the security
\nScreener, and so is the pilot. <\/p>\n
568
\n00:34:15,159 –> 00:34:17,800
\nIf there was no conscious,
\nintelligent force behind this <\/p>\n
569
\n00:34:17,800 –> 00:34:22,719
\nstory, then it would make sense.
\nBut the point is that every step<\/p>\n
570
\n00:34:22,719 –> 00:34:26,000
\nof the way in his story, he woke
\nup in the morning with a plan <\/p>\n
571
\n00:34:26,000 –> 00:34:28,800
\nand he needed to get on the
\nairplane and write that article.<\/p>\n
572
\n00:34:28,960 –> 00:34:31,800
\nEverybody else along the way all
\nhad their own plans to pick him <\/p>\n
573
\n00:34:31,800 –> 00:34:34,080
\nup, to screen him at the
\nairport, and to fly him to where<\/p>\n
574
\n00:34:34,080 –> 00:34:37,400
\nhe needed to go.
\nThere is a mind behind every <\/p>\n
575
\n00:34:37,400 –> 00:34:41,239
\nindividual in this story.
\nYes, it would seem impossible. <\/p>\n
576
\n00:34:41,239 –> 00:34:43,560
\nThe odds of it would seem
\nimpossible if there was no <\/p>\n
577
\n00:34:43,560 –> 00:34:45,440
\nintelligence behind it all.
\nBut as soon as you put <\/p>\n
578
\n00:34:45,440 –> 00:34:49,080
\nindividuals into this story, it
\ndoesn’t seem impossible at all, <\/p>\n
579
\n00:34:49,080 –> 00:34:50,760
\nbecause there’s intelligence
\ninvolved. <\/p>\n
580
\n00:34:51,360 –> 00:34:55,360
\nAnd so far from disproving the
\noriginal point, it makes it even<\/p>\n
581
\n00:34:55,360 –> 00:34:57,640
\nstronger.
\nBecause if all of these people <\/p>\n
582
\n00:34:57,640 –> 00:34:59,840
\nwere just inanimate objects and
\nhe happened to end up on an <\/p>\n
583
\n00:34:59,840 –> 00:35:03,040
\nairplane flown by an inanimate
\nobject, yeah, sure, that would <\/p>\n
584
\n00:35:03,040 –> 00:35:05,600
\nseem impossible.
\nBut that’s not the case at all. <\/p>\n
585
\n00:35:06,680 –> 00:35:09,120
\nAnd you see the point.
\nI’m surprised that I never saw <\/p>\n
586
\n00:35:09,120 –> 00:35:11,120
\nanybody call him out on that
\npart of the article. <\/p>\n
587
\n00:35:11,440 –> 00:35:15,400
\nNow he goes on to say it is true
\nthat a small change in the <\/p>\n
588
\n00:35:15,400 –> 00:35:18,480
\nstrength of the four known
\nforces, but nowhere near as <\/p>\n
589
\n00:35:18,480 –> 00:35:20,600
\nsmall as Metaxas argues.
\nSo. <\/p>\n
590
\n00:35:20,840 –> 00:35:23,760
\nSo Lawrence Krauss is a
\nphysicist, Eric Metaxas is not, <\/p>\n
591
\n00:35:23,760 –> 00:35:25,080
\nand he really calls him.
\nThe task. <\/p>\n
592
\n00:35:25,080 –> 00:35:29,560
\nFor this would imply that stable
\nprotons and neutrons, the basis <\/p>\n
593
\n00:35:29,560 –> 00:35:31,760
\nof atomic nuclei, might not
\nexist. <\/p>\n
594
\n00:35:32,200 –> 00:35:33,920
\nYou know, maybe not.
\nAnd then that part you say. <\/p>\n
595
\n00:35:33,920 –> 00:35:37,880
\nAnd it might, it might be true.
\nThe universe, however, would a <\/p>\n
596
\n00:35:37,880 –> 00:35:40,160
\nrather large error in the
\nMetaxas piece. <\/p>\n
597
\n00:35:40,160 –> 00:35:41,520
\nNow by the way, this was not the
\npoint. <\/p>\n
598
\n00:35:41,880 –> 00:35:43,960
\nThe point was not that the
\nuniverse wouldn’t exist, is that<\/p>\n
599
\n00:35:43,960 –> 00:35:45,720
\nit wouldn’t exist like we see it
\ntoday. <\/p>\n
600
\n00:35:45,720 –> 00:35:48,560
\nIt wouldn’t be capable of life.
\nIt would be a series of random <\/p>\n
601
\n00:35:48,560 –> 00:35:50,760
\nchaotic forces where life
\ncouldn’t exist. <\/p>\n
602
\n00:35:50,760 –> 00:35:52,520
\nAnd he says, but we knew this
\nalready. <\/p>\n
603
\n00:35:52,520 –> 00:35:54,920
\nThis is old news, and while it’s
\nan interesting fact, it <\/p>\n
604
\n00:35:54,920 –> 00:35:57,240
\ncertainly does not require a
\ndeity. <\/p>\n
605
\n00:35:57,720 –> 00:36:02,600
\nOnce again, I’d say I hate to
\ndismiss him so quickly here, but<\/p>\n
606
\n00:36:03,480 –> 00:36:07,280
\njust the fact that it’s old news
\nand everybody knows it doesn’t <\/p>\n
607
\n00:36:07,280 –> 00:36:10,760
\nmake it any less true.
\nBut he says it anyway. <\/p>\n
608
\n00:36:11,160 –> 00:36:15,000
\nHe says the null hypothesis is
\nmost often the default default <\/p>\n
609
\n00:36:15,000 –> 00:36:18,960
\nhypothesis in science.
\nNow the null hypothesis says if <\/p>\n
610
\n00:36:18,960 –> 00:36:24,040
\nyou see two things and they seem
\nto be closely related to each <\/p>\n
611
\n00:36:24,040 –> 00:36:28,560
\nother, it seems to be this thing
\nthat you see happen seems to be,<\/p>\n
612
\n00:36:29,000 –> 00:36:33,000
\nyou know, really incredible,
\nyour first instinct, your first <\/p>\n
613
\n00:36:33,000 –> 00:36:35,760
\nhypothesis should be that it’s
\nsimply a coincidence. <\/p>\n
614
\n00:36:36,560 –> 00:36:39,600
\nYou must assume immediately that
\nthis is just a coincidence. <\/p>\n
615
\n00:36:40,920 –> 00:36:44,520
\nWe reject, He says, the null
\nhypothesis only when we have <\/p>\n
616
\n00:36:44,520 –> 00:36:48,360
\nclear evidence to back it up.
\nOr, as Carl Sagan often <\/p>\n
617
\n00:36:48,360 –> 00:36:53,040
\nrepeated, extraordinary events
\nrequire extraordinary evidence. <\/p>\n
618
\n00:36:53,400 –> 00:36:58,800
\nSurely the God hypothesis is
\nextraordinary and the extreme <\/p>\n
619
\n00:37:00,400 –> 00:37:02,680
\nand the entire point of these
\nclasses. <\/p>\n
620
\n00:37:02,680 –> 00:37:07,160
\nJust to show you the opposite,
\nthat belief in a God is actually<\/p>\n
621
\n00:37:07,160 –> 00:37:09,640
\nthe most logical, reasonable
\nthing to believe. <\/p>\n
622
\n00:37:09,640 –> 00:37:13,440
\nThat when you examine the
\nevidence, that’s where it leads <\/p>\n
623
\n00:37:13,440 –> 00:37:15,520
\nyou.
\nIf you’re truly interested in <\/p>\n
624
\n00:37:15,520 –> 00:37:18,760
\ntruth and you’re following the
\nevidence wherever it leads, then<\/p>\n
625
\n00:37:18,760 –> 00:37:21,640
\nthose who are intellectually
\nhonest with themselves will see <\/p>\n
626
\n00:37:21,640 –> 00:37:24,120
\nthe stamp of the Creator when
\nthey look at the creation and <\/p>\n
627
\n00:37:24,120 –> 00:37:27,000
\nwhen they look not just at the
\nBible but within the book of <\/p>\n
628
\n00:37:27,000 –> 00:37:29,920
\nnature that God has given us as
\nwell. <\/p>\n
629
\n00:37:32,000 –> 00:37:38,120
\nAnd one of the questions that
\nRichard Dawkins asks in his book<\/p>\n
630
\n00:37:38,120 –> 00:37:40,320
\nThe God Delusion is this or one
\nof the points that he makes. <\/p>\n
631
\n00:37:40,320 –> 00:37:45,000
\nHe he says, if you’re going to
\ntell me that God, there’s a God <\/p>\n
632
\n00:37:45,000 –> 00:37:48,040
\nthat created everything He says,
\nthen I have the right to ask you<\/p>\n
633
\n00:37:48,040 –> 00:37:49,960
\nthe question, who created that
\nGod? <\/p>\n
634
\n00:37:52,080 –> 00:37:53,640
\nAnd of course, the Bible tells
\nus nobody. <\/p>\n
635
\n00:37:53,800 –> 00:37:55,760
\nGod is forever.
\nHe is eternal. <\/p>\n
636
\n00:37:55,760 –> 00:37:58,440
\nHe has always existed.
\nAnd I don’t know about you, but <\/p>\n
637
\n00:37:58,440 –> 00:38:01,720
\never since I was little, that
\nhas just completely overwhelmed <\/p>\n
638
\n00:38:01,720 –> 00:38:03,360
\nme.
\nI can’t even begin to comprehend<\/p>\n
639
\n00:38:03,600 –> 00:38:05,840
\nsomething, having been always in
\nexistence. <\/p>\n
640
\n00:38:06,080 –> 00:38:09,600
\nAnd so the point that Richard
\nDawkins makes rings home to me. <\/p>\n
641
\n00:38:10,120 –> 00:38:13,000
\nYou know, I struggle with that.
\nHow could there have been a God <\/p>\n
642
\n00:38:13,000 –> 00:38:16,080
\nthat was not created, that has
\nalways been in existence until I<\/p>\n
643
\n00:38:16,080 –> 00:38:17,600
\nrealized the truth of the
\nmatter. <\/p>\n
644
\n00:38:17,840 –> 00:38:20,760
\nYou see, if it’s fair for
\nRichard Dawkins to ask the <\/p>\n
645
\n00:38:20,760 –> 00:38:23,720
\nquestion, who created God, then
\nthink about this. <\/p>\n
646
\n00:38:24,760 –> 00:38:28,440
\nIf you don’t believe in God,
\nthen you probably you believe in<\/p>\n
647
\n00:38:28,440 –> 00:38:31,040
\nsomething.
\nYou believe that matter has <\/p>\n
648
\n00:38:31,040 –> 00:38:33,040
\nalways existed.
\nPerhaps you believe in The Big <\/p>\n
649
\n00:38:33,040 –> 00:38:36,800
\nBang bang, and that’s when it
\nmatter from it’s very condensed <\/p>\n
650
\n00:38:36,800 –> 00:38:40,840
\nform exploded and became the
\nuniverse that we see today. <\/p>\n
651
\n00:38:42,200 –> 00:38:47,480
\nAnd even if you don’t believe in
\nGod, you believe in matter that <\/p>\n
652
\n00:38:47,480 –> 00:38:50,560
\nhas always existed.
\nSo if there’s no God, then <\/p>\n
653
\n00:38:50,560 –> 00:38:55,440
\nmatter has existed for eternity.
\nAnd I’d have the right to ask <\/p>\n
654
\n00:38:55,440 –> 00:38:57,800
\nyou the question who created
\nmatter? <\/p>\n
655
\n00:38:58,840 –> 00:39:01,600
\nBecause no matter what you
\nbelieve, the very fact that <\/p>\n
656
\n00:39:01,600 –> 00:39:05,600
\nwe’re here means that we’re
\nfaced with the reality that <\/p>\n
657
\n00:39:05,600 –> 00:39:09,280
\nsomething has lasted forever for
\neternity. <\/p>\n
658
\n00:39:09,680 –> 00:39:12,600
\nAnd as hard as that is for us to
\ncomprehend now, in our current <\/p>\n
659
\n00:39:12,600 –> 00:39:15,200
\nmortal state, we realize that
\nmust be true. <\/p>\n
660
\n00:39:15,720 –> 00:39:18,400
\nAnd we realize that no matter
\nwhat position you take, whether <\/p>\n
661
\n00:39:18,400 –> 00:39:20,520
\nyou believe there is no God or
\nwhether you believe there is a <\/p>\n
662
\n00:39:20,520 –> 00:39:24,640
\nGod, we live in a world that we
\ncan not begin to comprehend. <\/p>\n
663
\n00:39:24,640 –> 00:39:27,600
\nBecause we live in a world where
\nsomething has always lasted <\/p>\n
664
\n00:39:27,600 –> 00:39:29,560
\nforever.
\nAnd it’s no more ridiculous to <\/p>\n
665
\n00:39:29,560 –> 00:39:32,360
\nbelieve that God has no
\nbeginning or no end than it is <\/p>\n
666
\n00:39:32,360 –> 00:39:34,520
\nto believe that matter has no
\nbeginning or no end. <\/p>\n
667
\n00:39:34,680 –> 00:39:37,120
\nBut we know that one of those
\nthings is definitely true. <\/p>\n
668
\n00:39:37,920 –> 00:39:39,920
\nSo the question becomes a moot
\npoint. <\/p>\n
669
\n00:39:41,920 –> 00:39:46,320
\nNow, within science and and
\noutside of science too, there’s <\/p>\n
670
\n00:39:46,320 –> 00:39:48,480
\na principle called Occam’s
\nRazor. <\/p>\n
671
\n00:39:48,480 –> 00:39:54,600
\nBut before we get there, I want
\nto show you a quote from Fred <\/p>\n
672
\n00:39:54,600 –> 00:39:56,760
\nHoyle.
\nLet’s talk a little bit more <\/p>\n
673
\n00:39:56,760 –> 00:39:58,680
\nabout the fine tuning of the
\nuniverse. <\/p>\n
674
\n00:39:59,360 –> 00:40:03,560
\nNow, Fred Hoyle is the scientist
\nwho coined the phrase Big Bang. <\/p>\n
675
\n00:40:04,520 –> 00:40:07,040
\nHe came up with it.
\nAt the end of his career, he <\/p>\n
676
\n00:40:07,040 –> 00:40:08,440
\ndecided he didn’t like it
\nanymore. <\/p>\n
677
\n00:40:08,440 –> 00:40:11,320
\nHe he stopped believing in The
\nBig Bang, but nevertheless he <\/p>\n
678
\n00:40:11,320 –> 00:40:14,200
\nwas an atheist for his whole
\nlife and died an atheist. <\/p>\n
679
\n00:40:14,680 –> 00:40:16,960
\nBut he’s perhaps most famous for
\nsaying this. <\/p>\n
680
\n00:40:16,960 –> 00:40:22,160
\nHe did some groundbreaking work
\nwithin his field, and he found <\/p>\n
681
\n00:40:22,160 –> 00:40:25,080
\nat one point that his faith as
\nan atheist, he had said, was <\/p>\n
682
\n00:40:25,080 –> 00:40:27,720
\ngreatly shaken.
\nHe said if you wanted to produce<\/p>\n
683
\n00:40:27,720 –> 00:40:30,520
\ncarbon and oxygen in roughly
\nequal quantities by stellar <\/p>\n
684
\n00:40:30,520 –> 00:40:33,760
\nnucleosynthesis, this is where
\nhe did his work, which would <\/p>\n
685
\n00:40:33,760 –> 00:40:37,040
\nexplain the origin of life or
\nhow we’re here. <\/p>\n
686
\n00:40:37,040 –> 00:40:39,520
\nThese things have to have
\nhappened for life to exist. <\/p>\n
687
\n00:40:40,080 –> 00:40:43,000
\nThese are the 2 levels.
\nYou would have to fix the levels<\/p>\n
688
\n00:40:43,000 –> 00:40:45,080
\nof these two quantities, and
\nyou’re fixing would have to be <\/p>\n
689
\n00:40:45,080 –> 00:40:47,720
\njust where these levels are
\nactually found to be. <\/p>\n
690
\n00:40:48,920 –> 00:40:52,680
\nA common sense interpretation of
\nthe fact suggests that a super <\/p>\n
691
\n00:40:52,680 –> 00:40:55,720
\nintellect has monkeyed with
\nphysics as well as with <\/p>\n
692
\n00:40:55,720 –> 00:41:00,120
\nchemistry and biology, and that
\nthere are no blind forces worth <\/p>\n
693
\n00:41:00,120 –> 00:41:04,840
\nspeaking about in nature.
\nThis man remains an atheist, but<\/p>\n
694
\n00:41:04,840 –> 00:41:07,360
\nhe said this is the kind of
\nthing, like the earlier quote we<\/p>\n
695
\n00:41:07,360 –> 00:41:10,360
\nsaw, that kept him up at night,
\nthat shook his faith like <\/p>\n
696
\n00:41:10,360 –> 00:41:11,920
\nnothing else had ever shaken his
\nfaith. <\/p>\n
697
\n00:41:11,920 –> 00:41:14,840
\nHis faith, in fact, that there
\nis no God, he said. <\/p>\n
698
\n00:41:14,840 –> 00:41:18,000
\nJust by looking at it, it would
\nseem that there must have been <\/p>\n
699
\n00:41:18,000 –> 00:41:20,600
\nan incredible intellect behind
\nit all. <\/p>\n
700
\n00:41:21,400 –> 00:41:25,680
\nAnd Paul Davies, that man who we
\nquoted much earlier, the <\/p>\n
701
\n00:41:25,680 –> 00:41:28,520
\nphysicist wrote, There is for me
\npowerful evidence that there’s <\/p>\n
702
\n00:41:28,520 –> 00:41:30,080
\nsomething going on behind it
\nall. <\/p>\n
703
\n00:41:30,080 –> 00:41:34,080
\nIt seems as though somebody has
\nfine-tuned nature’s numbers to <\/p>\n
704
\n00:41:34,080 –> 00:41:37,480
\nmake the universe the impression
\nof design, he says is <\/p>\n
705
\n00:41:37,480 –> 00:41:41,280
\noverwhelming.
\nThis man is actually a Quaker, <\/p>\n
706
\n00:41:41,280 –> 00:41:43,000
\nso he is religious.
\nHe does believe in God. <\/p>\n
707
\n00:41:43,000 –> 00:41:45,600
\nHe Co published a book with
\nStephen Hawking before he died, <\/p>\n
708
\n00:41:46,240 –> 00:41:49,640
\nGeorge Ellis wrote.
\nAmazing fine tuning occurs in <\/p>\n
709
\n00:41:49,640 –> 00:41:53,240
\nthe laws that makes this
\ncomplexity possible. <\/p>\n
710
\n00:41:53,640 –> 00:41:56,120
\nRealization of the complexity of
\nwhat is accomplished makes it <\/p>\n
711
\n00:41:56,120 –> 00:42:00,160
\nvery difficult not to use the
\nword miraculous without taking a<\/p>\n
712
\n00:42:00,160 –> 00:42:03,320
\nstand as the to the ontological
\nstatus of the word. <\/p>\n
713
\n00:42:06,640 –> 00:42:09,760
\nAnd Arnold Penzias, also another
\nman who won a Nobel Prize in <\/p>\n
714
\n00:42:09,760 –> 00:42:13,320
\nPhysics.
\nHe said astronomy leads us to a <\/p>\n
715
\n00:42:13,320 –> 00:42:16,720
\nunique event, a universe which
\nwas created out of nothing, one <\/p>\n
716
\n00:42:16,720 –> 00:42:19,520
\nwith the very delicate balance
\nneeded to provide exactly the <\/p>\n
717
\n00:42:19,520 –> 00:42:22,400
\nconditions required to permit
\nlife, and one which has an <\/p>\n
718
\n00:42:22,400 –> 00:42:26,440
\nunderlying, one might say,
\nsupernatural plan. <\/p>\n
719
\n00:42:29,320 –> 00:42:33,120
\nMy point of showing you these
\nquotes is to say, yes, I’m not <\/p>\n
720
\n00:42:33,120 –> 00:42:34,560
\nan expert.
\nI’m not a scientist. <\/p>\n
721
\n00:42:34,560 –> 00:42:37,200
\nI don’t, I don’t study in these
\nfields. <\/p>\n
722
\n00:42:37,360 –> 00:42:38,840
\nHere’s what the experts have to
\nsay. <\/p>\n
723
\n00:42:38,840 –> 00:42:42,240
\nSome of them agnostic, some of
\nthem atheist, who nevertheless <\/p>\n
724
\n00:42:42,240 –> 00:42:47,000
\nhave to begrudgingly admit that
\neverything we’ve seen seems to <\/p>\n
725
\n00:42:47,000 –> 00:42:51,320
\nlead to the same conclusion,
\nthat there must be a mind behind<\/p>\n
726
\n00:42:51,320 –> 00:42:58,680
\nit all now in the sciences.
\nOccam’s razor is a phrase that <\/p>\n
727
\n00:42:58,720 –> 00:43:01,120
\noriginally is attributed to
\nWilliam of Occam back in the <\/p>\n
728
\n00:43:01,120 –> 00:43:04,120
\n12th century.
\nYou see it in the in the Latin <\/p>\n
729
\n00:43:04,120 –> 00:43:05,360
\nup there.
\nHere’s the English <\/p>\n
730
\n00:43:05,360 –> 00:43:08,800
\ninterpretation of this.
\nIt is futile to do with more <\/p>\n
731
\n00:43:08,800 –> 00:43:12,760
\nthings that which can be done
\nwith fewer. <\/p>\n
732
\n00:43:12,960 –> 00:43:16,680
\nNow, most scientists that have
\never existed have applied this <\/p>\n
733
\n00:43:17,080 –> 00:43:19,520
\nthis sort of philosophy in
\ngeneral in their work. <\/p>\n
734
\n00:43:19,520 –> 00:43:21,760
\nFor example, here’s a similar
\nquote by Isaac Newton. <\/p>\n
735
\n00:43:22,160 –> 00:43:25,200
\nWe are to admit no more causes
\nof natural things that such as <\/p>\n
736
\n00:43:25,200 –> 00:43:30,360
\nare both true and sufficient to
\nexplain their appearances. <\/p>\n
737
\n00:43:31,080 –> 00:43:33,080
\nSo what they mean by that is
\nthis. <\/p>\n
738
\n00:43:33,800 –> 00:43:38,640
\nIn the sciences, scientists in
\nall fields will look at at <\/p>\n
739
\n00:43:38,640 –> 00:43:42,120
\nphenomena and the natural world
\nand they’ll try to come up with <\/p>\n
740
\n00:43:42,120 –> 00:43:45,200
\ntheories to explain it.
\nThey say what could explain what<\/p>\n
741
\n00:43:45,200 –> 00:43:48,640
\nwe see right now.
\nAnd to be a scientist, you have <\/p>\n
742
\n00:43:48,640 –> 00:43:51,240
\nto go through the scientific
\nmethod, which is to come up with<\/p>\n
743
\n00:43:51,240 –> 00:43:54,720
\nworking theories, and then find
\na way to test those theories, <\/p>\n
744
\n00:43:54,720 –> 00:43:59,080
\nperhaps in a lab somewhere.
\nSo you perform the test and you <\/p>\n
745
\n00:43:59,080 –> 00:44:01,440
\nsee if it makes sense, If it
\nplays out the way you think, and<\/p>\n
746
\n00:44:01,440 –> 00:44:02,640
\nyou go back to the drawing
\nboard. <\/p>\n
747
\n00:44:02,880 –> 00:44:05,760
\nUsually you’ll come up with a
\nwhole bunch of theories at once.<\/p>\n
748
\n00:44:05,760 –> 00:44:07,360
\nYou go through a brainstorming
\nsession. <\/p>\n
749
\n00:44:07,840 –> 00:44:11,160
\nWhat are all the various things
\nthat could describe why this is <\/p>\n
750
\n00:44:11,160 –> 00:44:15,040
\nhappening?
\nOccam’s razor says something <\/p>\n
751
\n00:44:15,040 –> 00:44:16,600
\nlike this.
\nWhen you’ve got a bunch of <\/p>\n
752
\n00:44:16,600 –> 00:44:19,160
\ntheories and none of them have
\nevidence to support them any <\/p>\n
753
\n00:44:19,160 –> 00:44:23,240
\nmore strongly than any others,
\nthen you’ve got to go with the <\/p>\n
754
\n00:44:23,240 –> 00:44:26,520
\none that is the simplest that
\nrequires the least amount of <\/p>\n
755
\n00:44:26,520 –> 00:44:30,520
\nexplaining, because that one is
\nthe most likely to be true. <\/p>\n
756
\n00:44:32,280 –> 00:44:35,960
\nA new atheist like Richard
\nDawkins have used Occam’s Razor <\/p>\n
757
\n00:44:35,960 –> 00:44:42,280
\nto say that belief in a God is
\nridiculous because to explain <\/p>\n
758
\n00:44:42,480 –> 00:44:47,040
\nhumanity and life on this earth
\nand and the whole universe, you <\/p>\n
759
\n00:44:47,040 –> 00:44:52,000
\nare theorizing a being that you
\ncall God, who by definition <\/p>\n
760
\n00:44:52,000 –> 00:44:55,600
\nwould have to be more complex
\nthan the thing that he created <\/p>\n
761
\n00:44:55,600 –> 00:44:57,520
\nin order to create that thing,
\nhe says. <\/p>\n
762
\n00:44:57,520 –> 00:44:59,840
\nBy simple virtue of the
\nscientific practice of <\/p>\n
763
\n00:45:00,240 –> 00:45:03,680
\napplication of Occam’s Razor, we
\nshould rule that possibility <\/p>\n
764
\n00:45:03,680 –> 00:45:05,720
\nout.
\nBecause you’re theorizing <\/p>\n
765
\n00:45:05,720 –> 00:45:09,920
\nsomething far more complex to
\nexplain something far less <\/p>\n
766
\n00:45:09,920 –> 00:45:13,120
\ncomplex.
\nBut the important thing to <\/p>\n
767
\n00:45:13,120 –> 00:45:16,000
\nunderstand about Occam’s Razor
\nis that it only applies in a <\/p>\n
768
\n00:45:16,000 –> 00:45:19,680
\nsituation where all things are
\nequal and one theory doesn’t <\/p>\n
769
\n00:45:19,680 –> 00:45:21,240
\nhave any more evidence than
\nanother. <\/p>\n
770
\n00:45:21,400 –> 00:45:24,200
\nIn fact, throughout the history
\nof science, we found that if we <\/p>\n
771
\n00:45:24,200 –> 00:45:27,280
\nwere to only use Occam’s Razor
\nin that case, we would have gone<\/p>\n
772
\n00:45:27,280 –> 00:45:29,920
\nfar wrong.
\nSo let me show you. <\/p>\n
773
\n00:45:29,920 –> 00:45:32,400
\nThis is the last video clip I’ll
\nshow you in this series of <\/p>\n
774
\n00:45:32,400 –> 00:45:36,920
\nclasses.
\nThis is another clip from the <\/p>\n
775
\n00:45:36,920 –> 00:45:38,320
\ndebates.
\nOne of the debates that we <\/p>\n
776
\n00:45:38,320 –> 00:45:42,040
\nlistened to last night between
\nRichard Dawkins, the atheist, <\/p>\n
777
\n00:45:42,040 –> 00:45:46,360
\nand John Lennox, the professor
\nof mathematics, also were also <\/p>\n
778
\n00:45:46,360 –> 00:45:50,200
\nat Oxford University, where
\nRichard Dawkins comes from. <\/p>\n
779
\n00:45:50,200 –> 00:45:53,680
\nAnd and this is one of his two
\ndebates with Richard Dawkins. <\/p>\n
780
\n00:45:53,880 –> 00:45:57,000
\nHe suggested that introducing
\nGod would mean an end of <\/p>\n
781
\n00:45:57,000 –> 00:46:00,200
\nscience.
\nGod is no explanation, since by <\/p>\n
782
\n00:46:00,320 –> 00:46:03,520
\ndefinition God is more complex
\nthan the thing you are <\/p>\n
783
\n00:46:03,520 –> 00:46:06,640
\nexplaining.
\nNow this, he states, is the <\/p>\n
784
\n00:46:06,640 –> 00:46:11,120
\ncentral argument of his book.
\nI would not have expected an <\/p>\n
785
\n00:46:11,120 –> 00:46:15,120
\nargument like this from a
\nscientist because explanations <\/p>\n
786
\n00:46:15,120 –> 00:46:19,040
\nin science themselves are
\nusually in terms of increasing <\/p>\n
787
\n00:46:19,040 –> 00:46:22,240
\ncomplexity, and apple falling is
\na simple event. <\/p>\n
788
\n00:46:23,000 –> 00:46:26,000
\nThe explanation in terms of
\nmutants, low gravitation is <\/p>\n
789
\n00:46:26,000 –> 00:46:29,000
\nalready stretching the minds of
\nmany people, but it’s <\/p>\n
790
\n00:46:29,000 –> 00:46:33,640
\nexplanation in terms of warp and
\nspace-time is stretching the <\/p>\n
791
\n00:46:33,640 –> 00:46:37,320
\nminds of.
\nOf the cleverest, simplicity <\/p>\n
792
\n00:46:37,320 –> 00:46:39,480
\nisn’t the only criterion of
\ntruth. <\/p>\n
793
\n00:46:39,480 –> 00:46:44,240
\nLet me give you an example.
\nSuppose you’re an archaeologist <\/p>\n
794
\n00:46:44,880 –> 00:46:49,080
\nand I’m a story, a cave with
\nyou, and you’re a Chinese <\/p>\n
795
\n00:46:49,080 –> 00:46:51,720
\nexpert.
\nAnd on this cave you see two <\/p>\n
796
\n00:46:51,720 –> 00:46:55,920
\nstretches and you say human
\nintelligence. <\/p>\n
797
\n00:46:55,920 –> 00:46:58,160
\nAnd I say, pardon, they’re just
\ntwo structures. <\/p>\n
798
\n00:46:58,400 –> 00:47:01,800
\nAnd you say, but those are the
\nChinese paddock that run, which <\/p>\n
799
\n00:47:01,800 –> 00:47:05,240
\nmeans a human being.
\nI said look what you That’s no <\/p>\n
800
\n00:47:05,280 –> 00:47:08,600
\nexplanation at all.
\nYou’re postulating something as <\/p>\n
801
\n00:47:08,640 –> 00:47:12,240
\ncomplex as a given brain to
\nexplain 2 structures. <\/p>\n
802
\n00:47:12,600 –> 00:47:16,320
\nThat means that your explanation
\nis more complex than the thing <\/p>\n
803
\n00:47:16,320 –> 00:47:19,080
\nyou’re explaining.
\nThat’s no explanation at all. <\/p>\n
804
\n00:47:19,160 –> 00:47:22,160
\nIt seems to me that’s exactly
\nwhat you’re saying in your book.<\/p>\n
805
\n00:47:24,520 –> 00:47:27,840
\nI really like that analogy, and
\nit applies directly to what <\/p>\n
806
\n00:47:27,840 –> 00:47:29,520
\nwe’ve talked about in this
\nclass. <\/p>\n
807
\n00:47:29,880 –> 00:47:33,640
\nDid you follow it through?
\nHe’s attacking that idea that <\/p>\n
808
\n00:47:33,640 –> 00:47:36,840
\nthat that we should be able to
\ndismiss the belief in God, <\/p>\n
809
\n00:47:36,840 –> 00:47:39,480
\nsimply because God would have to
\nbe more complex than the thing <\/p>\n
810
\n00:47:39,480 –> 00:47:41,480
\nthat he created.
\nIt would require more <\/p>\n
811
\n00:47:41,480 –> 00:47:44,720
\nexplanation than simply thinking
\nthat we came here perhaps <\/p>\n
812
\n00:47:45,080 –> 00:47:48,280
\nrandomly, he says.
\nBut look, let’s let’s let me <\/p>\n
813
\n00:47:48,280 –> 00:47:51,000
\ngive you another scenario.
\nIf you were to if, if you and I <\/p>\n
814
\n00:47:51,000 –> 00:47:54,160
\nwere exploring and we discovered
\na cave and ancient cave with <\/p>\n
815
\n00:47:54,160 –> 00:47:56,520
\nwith two scratches in it, but
\nthey were symbols. <\/p>\n
816
\n00:47:56,520 –> 00:47:58,720
\nThey were characters, and you
\nknow the ancient Chinese <\/p>\n
817
\n00:47:58,720 –> 00:48:01,520
\ndialect.
\nYou recognize this as language, <\/p>\n
818
\n00:48:03,000 –> 00:48:06,600
\nand you say human intelligence,
\nbut by your same logic, applying<\/p>\n
819
\n00:48:06,600 –> 00:48:10,480
\nthat same principle there, you’d
\nhave to say no, no, you’re <\/p>\n
820
\n00:48:10,560 –> 00:48:13,680
\nyou’re theorizing something as
\ncomplex as a human being just <\/p>\n
821
\n00:48:13,680 –> 00:48:19,320
\ndescribed 2 scratches.
\nBecause since the beginning of <\/p>\n
822
\n00:48:19,320 –> 00:48:23,400
\nour existence, or at least from
\nvery early times, we have, as a <\/p>\n
823
\n00:48:23,400 –> 00:48:26,720
\nspecies discovered a language
\nmore and more as history has <\/p>\n
824
\n00:48:26,720 –> 00:48:31,680
\ngone on, a language that we
\ndidn’t write, that nevertheless <\/p>\n
825
\n00:48:31,680 –> 00:48:36,080
\nseems to govern every aspect of
\nthe world in which we live. <\/p>\n
826
\n00:48:38,400 –> 00:48:41,440
\nAnd as I said before, there’s
\nonly one thing in all of human <\/p>\n
827
\n00:48:41,440 –> 00:48:43,840
\nexperience that we’ve ever
\nencountered that’s capable of <\/p>\n
828
\n00:48:43,840 –> 00:48:47,080
\ncreating a language, and that’s
\na mind. <\/p>\n
829
\n00:48:48,520 –> 00:48:53,040
\nAnd I hope at this point in our
\ndiscussions you’d you’d agree <\/p>\n
830
\n00:48:53,040 –> 00:48:58,080
\nwith me that there is absolutely
\nextraordinary evidence <\/p>\n
831
\n00:48:58,120 –> 00:49:02,200
\neverywhere that we look, and not
\njust for the existence of God, <\/p>\n
832
\n00:49:02,720 –> 00:49:06,280
\nbut for the truth that Jesus was
\nthe son of God, for the truth <\/p>\n
833
\n00:49:06,280 –> 00:49:09,400
\nthat God can and will resurrect
\nus from the dead. <\/p>\n
834
\n00:49:10,400 –> 00:49:13,800
\nAnd in the next class we’re
\ngoing to ask the question, but <\/p>\n
835
\n00:49:13,800 –> 00:49:17,120
\nwhat evidence do we have that
\nthis, that we have in here in <\/p>\n
836
\n00:49:17,120 –> 00:49:21,040
\nfront of us really is the
\ninspired word of that God? <\/p>\n
837
\n00:49:22,400 –> 00:49:24,960
\nSo that’s where we’ll be going
\nnext in the last class today.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Class 2 from this series was used in GCT Episode 272. 1 00:00:00,040 –> 00:00:03,840 So…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":786,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"https:\/\/anchor.fm\/s\/8765608\/podcast\/play\/79137719\/https%3A%2F%2Fd3ctxlq1ktw2nl.cloudfront.net%2Fstaging%2F2023-10-26%2F3fb27d19-db92-b279-9653-6c13e0eab9b8.mp3","podmotor_file_id":"","podmotor_episode_id":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"00:49:25","filesize":"28.28M","filesize_raw":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":""},"tags":[26],"series":[18],"class_list":["post-1050","podcast","type-podcast","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-season-6","series-gct-ext"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t